基于潜能模型的医疗设施空间可达性评价方法

空间可达性是评价医疗设施布局合理与否的重要指标，传统的医疗设施空间可达性评价，或者从医疗服务供需状况着手，或者从供需双方之间距离因素着手，均无法全面评价居民实际所能获取的医疗资源。本文采用基于潜能模型的评价方法对江苏省如东县医疗设施空间可达性进行分析研究，该方法综合考虑了医疗设施服务能力、居民点人口数量、医疗设施与居民点之间的出行阻抗。研究表明，通过选取合适的出行摩擦系数，该方法能够较为全面准确地测度较小研究单元的医疗设施空间可达性，辅以GIS技术，可以很直观地揭示研究区域内医疗设施空间可达性差异，结合公共卫生管理部门制定的医疗资源配置标准，还可较为准确判定缺医地区，为政府相关部门规划决策提供依据。

Measuring Spatial Accessibility to Health Care Facilities Based on Potential Model

Access to health service is recognized as an important facilitator of overall population health, and spatial accessibility is one of the vital indexes to assess whether the distribution of health care facilities is balanced or not. Traditional methodology to assess spatial accessibility usually focuses on alternative of the ratio of supply (provider) versus demand (population) in the administrative unit or the travel impedance between population and health service providers. However, both of them can't be comprehensive to reveal the health care resource quantity which any population location can access due to travel impedance. In the paper, we use the measure of spatial accessibility based on potential model to analyze spatial accessibility from village population location to hospitals with Universal Kriging to interpolate the accessibility values in Rudong County of Jiangsu Province, which integrates three main factors including the service capacity of health care facilities, the population demand impact factor and travel impedance between population location and provider location. Through our study, the following conclusions are reached: after selecting the proper travel friction coefficient which is the key factor to affect sensitively the accuracy of spatial accessibility results when using potential model, the measure of spatial accessibility based on potential model can be more comprehensive and accurate to measure spatial accessibility to health care facilities among the small units of the studied area in the spatial interaction between population and service providers, and by GIS, the methodology is able to reveal directly the difference of spatial accessibility to health care facilities in the studied area, furthermore, health professional shortage areas of the studied area can be defined effectively with certain standards developed by public health management sector, which can support the basis for decision-making of health service planning.