含小断层煤层Rayleigh型槽波波场和频散分析

煤层隐伏小断层在煤田地质勘探期间能否查明，是影响煤矿安全生产的主要地质因素.煤层中传播的地震槽波，非常适用于探测煤田异常构造.本文利用谱元法模拟计算了含断层模型Rayleigh型地震槽波的产生、传播过程，对于直达槽波、反射槽波、透射槽波进行了波场特征分析，频散特征分析，频谱特征分析.根据不同小落差断层模型（垂直断距分别为1/4、1/2、3/4、1个煤厚；断层倾角分别为90°、60°、45°），分析了Rayleigh型槽波传播过程中断层对反射槽波、透射槽波能量、频谱的影响效应.基于以上分析，对于小断层模型中的Rayleigh型地震槽波取得了一些规律性认识，并对Rayleigh型地震槽波的勘探应用做了一些探讨.

Rayleigh channel wave field and dispersion of coal seams with small faults

Whether concealed small faults in coal seams can be found out during geological exploration is a main geological factor that affects the safety production of a coal mine. Seam Channel waves in coal seams are very suitable for detecting abnormal structures in a coal field, because they are characterized by strong energy, obvious dispersion and easy to identify. In this paper, we use the spectral element method to simulate 2D Rayleigh channel wave propagation in coal seams containing small faults, and analyze the characteristics of wave fields, dispersion and spectra of direct, reflected and transmitted channel waves. Based on different fault models with small throws (vertical offsets 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, one thickness of a coal seam; dips 90°, 60°, and 45°), we address the influential effects of small faults on these waves. By virtue of the analysis above, we obtain some new insights into Rayleigh channel wave in coal seams with small faults, and discuss the application of such waves in exploration.