长江口和黄东海沉积物单矿物分选的常用方法和流程

沉积物碎屑矿物组分既受物源控制，又受水动力影响，单矿物分选应首先选取适当的粒级，细砂粒级经常采用，但不是固定在这一粒级; 控制重液密度是重液分选的关键环节，不同目标矿物，可通过调配不同的比重液进行分离分选，并可使用离心重液法提高分选效能; 磁选是分选不同磁性特征矿物的简单便捷方法，钕铁硼强磁铁的使用，可部分代替电磁分选仪的功能，对样品量少、矿物种类多、磁性变化大地矿物组合可起到重要的分组作用; 化学分选采用不同浓度的各种溶剂在不同条件下处理试样，有选择性地溶掉妨碍矿物，留下目标矿物; 手工分选单矿物重点在于剔除其他方法难以分离的杂质，保障样品的纯度和代表性; 角闪石和石英分选流程，代表着单矿物分选的基本技术路线，不同方法合理的前后衔接，使单矿物分选高效、快捷、准确，但还有一些矿物分选难题尚未解决，需要深入研究和实践。

Methods of single mineral separation for sediments of the Changjiang estuary,the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea

Single Clastic minerals are commonly used for detecting provenance and water dynamics. Fine sands are the best for the study as such and thus required to be separated from the others although very fine sands are also convenient for the purpose. Mineral separation in heavy liquid is a common practice for single mineral separation, of which the key is to select the heavy liquid properly. Different target minerals can be separated and selected by blending specific gravity liquids together, and the separation efficiency can be improved by centrifugal separation. Magnetic separation is a simple and convenient method popularly used for sorting out different magnetic minerals. Nd2Fe14B permanent magnet may partly replace the function of an electromagnetic sorter, specifically for the samples in small volume, consisting of multiple minerals with changing magnetism. Chemical separation uses various solvents in different concentration to treat the samples under specific conditions, in order to dissolve obstructive minerals and keep target minerals. Manual separation is required if it is difficult to remove impurities by other methods. The separation of amphibole and quartz represents the basic procedure for single mineral separation, and the different methods are adopted in order to make mineral separation more efficient, fast and accurate. Of course, there are still some problems remained in mineral sorting and further studies are needed.