太平洋深海细菌多样性研究进展

深海是指深度在1,000m以下的大洋,从打破深海中没有生命的定论开始,在具有低温、高压、永久黑暗、营养贫乏等特征的深海环境中含有的大量细菌一直以来都是研究的重点对象之一。太平洋作为地球上最大的大洋,人们对其深海细菌的研究从起初的菌种多样性逐步延伸到功能多样性,包括在生态环境中参与的物质循环和能量流动以及代谢产物的功能应用性研究。深海中丰富的菌种资源不仅被应用到生态环境的防治与保护,同时也是酶制剂和药物来源的巨大宝库。太平洋地区的马里亚纳海沟作为地球的最深处,对此区域的研究,不仅可以丰富菌种多样性,更能开发新的菌种应用资源。本文就以上几个方面进行综述,深度整合目前太平洋深海细菌多样性的研究现状。

Studying Advance in Deep Sea Bacterial Diversity of Pacific

The abysmal sea is the ocean where the depth is over 1,000 meters.Deep-sea has particular characteristics such as low temperature,high pressure,permanent darkness and poor nutrition.As the traditional cognition of scientific community,there is no live creature in deep sea.However,such understanding turns out to be wrong.Diverse kinds of bacteria in deep sea have been identified and studies on these bacteria have evolved as the hot objects.As the largest ocean on earth,Pacific has gained extensive attention over the world,The researches on deep sea bacterial strains started from the species diversity and then gradually extended to the functional diversity,including their participation in the material circulation,energy flow and the function of the metabolites.Deep sea species resources are not only applied to the prevention and protection of ecological environment,but also to enzymes and drugs discovery.Mariana trench in the Pacific is the deepest on the Earth.Studying this area can enrich species diversity and obtain new strains?which are abundant applicable resources.This article summarized these the advances in these studying aspects,and integrated the researching findings on the Pacific deep sea bacterial diversity.