山东半岛海洋牧场潮汐特征分析

利用山东半岛15个海洋牧场的水深观测数据,比较了不同资料长度下调和分析结果的差异,并分析了包括调和常数、潮汐类型、潮差和潮汐日不等现象在内的潮汐特征的空间变化。结果显示,主要分潮调和常数估计误差随资料长度的增加逐渐减小,调和常数估计的准确性不断提高。潮汐特征的分析表明:(1)各海洋牧场中M2分潮的振幅最为显著,平均振幅为0.87m。(2)各海洋牧场潮汐类型均为以M2分潮为主导的半日潮潮型,山东半岛东部沿海海洋牧场的潮汐类型为不规则半日潮,东南沿海海洋牧场的潮汐类型则为规则半日潮。(3)各海洋牧场平均潮差与最大可能潮差空间变化趋势相同。平均潮差和最大可能潮差的最大值均出现在日照国美投礁型海洋牧场,分别为3.48m和5.70m;平均潮差和最大可能潮差的最小值出现在荣成烟墩角游钓型海洋牧场,分别为0.82m和2.27m。(4)各海洋牧场潮高不等现象均不显著,威海瑜泰游钓型海洋牧场、威海西港游钓型海洋牧场、威海刘公岛游钓型海洋牧场、荣成成山鸿源投礁型海洋牧场、荣成东楮岛游钓型海洋牧场和荣成鸿泰游钓型海洋牧场的潮时不等现象不显著,其他海洋牧场落潮历时均大于涨潮历时,表现为涨潮主导的特征。

TIDAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MARINE PASTURES AROUND SHANDONG PENINSULA

Using the depth records of 15 marine pastures around Shandong Peninsula, we compared the harmonic constants computed in different time lengths and analyzed the spatial evolution of tidal characteristics including harmonic constants, tidal types, tidal range, and tidal asymmetry. The results reveal that the estimation error of main harmonic constants decreases gradually with the increase of time length, indicating an increased accuracy of output harmonic constants. The amplitude of M₂ tide is the most significant in all marine pastures, with an average amplitude of 0.87m. The tidal types of all marine pastures are semidiurnal tidal type dominated by M₂, with irregular semidiurnal tidal type in the northeastern and regular semidiurnal tidal type in the southeastern marine pastures. The mean and utmost tidal ranges have similar spatial distribution. The maximum mean and the utmost tidal ranges were found in Luhaifeng marine pasture, being 3.48m and 5.70m, and the minimum ones in Rongcheng Yandunjiao marine pasture, for 0.82m and 2.27m, respectively. The tidal height asymmetry is not significant in all marine pastures. Specifically, the marine pastures in Weihai Yutai, Weihai Xigang, Weihai Liugongdao, Rongcheng Chengshanhongyuan, Rongcheng Dongchu, and Rongcheng Hongtai show little ebb and flood duration difference, while other marine pastures have longer ebb duration, indicating a flood dominance system.