山东半岛南北两侧海域真核浮游生物群落特征及与环境因子的相关性分析

为了解山东半岛南北两侧的烟台崆峒岛(KTD)海域和日照东港(DG)海域真核浮游生物群落特征,采用高通量测序技术,以18S rDNA V4区为目标基因,对2017年10月至2018年7月两海域的真核浮游生物多样性进行了检测;同期测定两海域的环境因子(溶解氧、氨氮含量等10个理化指标),并与真核浮游生物丰富度做相关性分析。实验结果表明:通过高通量测序技术共鉴定出浮游生物455种,其中,KTD海域共检测出真核浮游生物36个门类424种;DG海域共检测出真核浮游生物34个门类365种。绿藻门(Chlorophyta)、硅藻门(Diatomea)是两海域浮游植物中整体丰度最高的门类。KTD海域,绿藻门各月丰度在3.0%—21.3%之间,其中2018年7月(K1807)最高,达到了21.3%;硅藻门各月丰度在2.0%—16.59%之间,其中2018年2月(K1802)最高,达到了16.59%。DG海域,绿藻门各月丰度在2.0%—12.3%之间,其中2017年11月份(D1711)最高,达到了12.3%;硅藻门各月丰度在2.0%—47.0%之间,其中1月(D1801)最高,达到了47.0%。占优势地位的浮游动物主要是节肢动物门类的物种,其每月丰度分别在6.0%—38.9%和7.6%—48.6%之间。环境因子相关性分析表明水温、DO、pH、硅酸盐、硝酸盐氮等环境因子为影响该海域浮游生物群落结构的主要因子。研究结果对了解双壳经济贝类养殖区饵料组成及其在时空的变化,对海岸带食物网、生态基础管理和海洋经济贝类养殖生产等方面提供数据支撑。

CHARACTERISTICS OF EUKARYOTIC PLANKTON COMMUNITY AND ITS CORRELATION WITH ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN SEAS OF SHANDONG PENINSULA

To understand the characteristics of eukaryotic plankton community in mariculture of two sides of Shandong Peninsula, two representative locations were selected in the Kongtong Dao (KTD) area in Yantai of the northern side, and the Donggang (DG) area in Rizhao of the southern side. High-throughput sequencing technologies with 18S rDNA V4 area as the target gene were used to study the diversity of eukaryotic phytoplankton collected from October 2017 to July 2018 in the two areas. Meanwhile, environmental factors (dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen content, and other 10 physical and chemical indicators) were measured and correlated with the eukaryotic plankton data. A total of 455 species of plankton were identified, of which 424 species in 36 categories were from KTD area, and 365 species in 34 categories from DG area. Chlorophyta and Diatomea were the most abundant phyla of phytoplankton in the two areas. In the KTD area, the monthly abundance of Chlorophyta was between 3.0% and 21.3%, peaked in July, and that of Diatomea between 2.0% and 16.59%, peaked in February. In the DG area, the monthly abundance of Chlorophyta was between 2.0% and 12.3%, peaked in November, and that of Diatomea ranged from 2.0% to 47.0%, peaked in January. In addition, the dominant zooplankton species were arthropod in monthly abundance ranging from 6.0% to 38.9% and 7.6% to 48.6% in the two areas, respectively. Correlation analysis of environmental factors showed that water temperature, DO, pH value, silicate, nitrate, and other environmental factors were the main factors shaping the structure of the plankton community in the sea. This study may help understand the composition of bait for bivalve in KTD and DG aquaculture areas and its spatial and temporal variation, and could provide data support to coastal food network, ecological basic management, and shellfish aquaculture production.