气候变化对鲑鱼丰富度和繁殖影响的研究进展

鲑鱼是人类重要的食品来源之一,具有巨大的经济价值。同时,鲑鱼资源通过输送营养物质对维持溪流和陆地生态系统的结构、功能和过程等有重要作用。而鲑鱼是对温度极为敏感的冷水性鱼类,对气候变化的反应尤为明显。作者通过文献综述法梳理相关研究,从气候变化引起的温度变化、淡水和海洋环境的变化以及鱼病传播4个方面探讨对鲑鱼丰富度和繁殖的影响,并提出研究展望。研究显示:温度变化对鲑鱼的产卵和迁徙有较大影响;溪流和河流流量的改变会影响鲑鱼的迁徙和幼年鲑鱼的存活数量;温度和二氧化碳浓度的变化使海洋食物供应减少,鲑鱼丰富度降低;水温的升高使病原体增加,鲑鱼死亡率增加。本研究成果可为鲑鱼种群应对气候变化的研究及管理提供一定的理论支持。

Research progress on the effects of climate change on salmon abundance and reproduction

Salmon is an important food source for humans and has enormous economic value. Salmon resources also play an important role in maintaining the structure, function, and processes of streams and terrestrial ecosystems by transporting nutrients. Salmon is a coldwater fish that is extremely sensitive to temperature, and it exhibits an evident response to climate change. This study explores relevant research through a literature review and discusses the effects of temperature changes due to climate change and the changes in freshwater and marine environments as well as pathogens on the abundance and reproduction of salmon; further, the study presents research prospects. It was found that temperature changes have a substantial impact on salmon spawning and migration. Changes in streamflow and river flows have an influence on the migratory behavior of salmon and the survival of juvenile salmon. Further, changes in temperature and carbon dioxide concentration reduce the supply of marine food and decrease salmon abundance; in particular, an increase in water temperature increases the amount of pathogens, resulting in an increase in salmon mortality. The data obtained in this study can provide theoretical support for further research and management of salmon population to cope with climate change.