Geochemical thermodynamics of cadmium removal from water with limestone |
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Authors: | Arden D Davis Cathleen J Webb Jenifer L Sorensen David J Dixon Roberta Hudson |
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Institution: | 1.South Dakota School of Mines and Technology,Rapid City,USA;2.Western Kentucky University,Bowling Green,USA;3.Minnesota Department of Natural Resources,St. Paul,USA;4.South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources,Pierre,USA |
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Abstract: | Limestone-based material can reduce concentrations of cadmium below 0.001 mg/L (1 ppb) in water, resulting in > 99% removal efficiency. Thermodynamic constraints appear to be favorable for reactions involving the formation of otavite during cadmium removal. Thermodynamic values for these reactions yield a theoretical removal limit of 0.0015 mg/L or better for cadmium, in reasonable agreement with tests on laboratory and field samples that show cadmium removal at levels less than 0.001 mg/L. |
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