基于水量平衡的博斯腾湖水位变化分析

博斯腾湖是我国最大的内陆淡水湖,也是新疆南部地区重要的淡水资源。20世纪50年代以来,博斯腾湖水位多次剧烈变动。尤其是近30年,博斯腾湖水位波动尤为剧烈,甚至有不断加剧的趋势,这给该区经济建设和生态环境造成重大负面影响。基于水量平衡原理,分析博斯腾湖流域1986~2012年的气象水文数据,得到1986~2002年博斯腾湖水位急剧上升的原因在于开都河径流量的增加及开都河灌区引水量的减少。2002~2012年,开都河径流量持续走低,地下水的开采导致河道损失水量增大以及泵站扬水量的增加使得博斯腾湖水位急剧下降。

Analysis of Water Level Change of Bosten Lake Based on Water Balance

The Bosten Lake is the largest inland freshwater lake in China, which is also the important freshwater resources in the southXinjiang. Since the 1950s, the water level of the Bosten Lake has undergone several drastic changes, especially in the past 30 years, it hasbeen particularly volatile, and it has caused a great negative impact on the local economic construction. Based on the principle of waterbalance, after an analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Bosten Lake Basin during 1986-2012, it figures out that the sharprise in water level of the Bosten Lake during 1986-2002 was caused by the increase in runoff of the Kaidu River and the reduction of thewater diversion of irrigation area at the Kaidu River. From 2002 to 2012, the runoff of the Kaidu River continued to decline, and the overexploitation of groundwater caused the increase of the channel loss of the Kaidu River, and the pumping water of the Bosten Lake increasedyear by year. The interaction of these factors led to the sharp decline of the water level of the Bosten Lake.