Metal extraction from road-deposited sediments using nine partial decomposition procedures |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Hawaii, Geomorphology Laboratory, Department of Geography, 2424 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;2. Ghent University, Laboratory of Anal. Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Coupure Links-653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium;3. Environmental Engineering and Water Resources, Princeton University, E-Quad E-228, Princeton, NJ 08554, USA;1. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nanchang University, Jiangxi, 330031, China;2. School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410004, China;3. Institute of Construction Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany;1. Civil Engineer, M.Sc. Graduation Program in Materials Engineering and Technology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PGETEMA/PUCRS), Brazil;2. Graduation Program in Materials Engineering and Technology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PGETEMA/PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Prédio 30, Porto Alegre, RS ZIP CODE: 90619-900, Brazil;1. The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 16, Jichang Road, 510405 Guangzhou, China;2. Sanya Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 106, Fenghuang Road, 572000 Sanya, China;1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, 917 W. Avenue B, Kingsville, TX, 78363, USA;2. Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, 203 White Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA |
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| Abstract: | Nine partial decomposition procedures and a total digestion treatment were applied to road-deposited sediments. The objective was to define a parsimonious, time-efficient decomposition procedure that (1) has limited impact on the alumnio-silicate matrix and/or refractory-associated fractions, (2) has metal recoveries independent of CaCO3 content, and (3) produces high anthropogenic signals for known contaminants (e.g., Cu, Pb and Zn). The 9 digestions varied from weak single reagents (0.11 M acetic acid) to strong multi-step procedures (BCR 3-step plus aqua regia). Eight metals were examined: Al, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Cold (room temperature) 0.5 M HCl shaken over a 1-h period with a solid-to-solution ratio of 1 g:20 ml, was judged superior based on the defined criteria. This simple, rapid treatment had limited impact on the residual matrix (mean and 95% confidence interval for Al recovery was 6±1%); recoveries of all elements examined were independent of CaCO3 content; the treatment produced high mean extraction efficiencies for Cu (58±9%), Pb (84±5%), and Zn (73±7%), and produced high anthropogenic signals. Thus, dilute HCl can be widely recommended as an optimal partial decomposition procedure for assessing non-residual fractions of complex solid media. |
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