A new model for the fracture energy budget of phreatomagmatic explosions |
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| Institution: | 1. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi, 22 - 90123 Palermo, Italy;2. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Palermo, Via U. La Malfa, 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy;1. Department of Geology, University of Otago, 360 Leith Walk, Dunedin, Otago 9054, New Zealand;2. Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E8, Canada;1. Earth Science, Durham University, Science Labs, Durham DL1 3LE, UK;2. Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, Mainz, Germany;3. Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK;4. School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand;5. Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-0254, USA;6. Earth & Environmental Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Theresienstrasse 41, 80333 Munich, Germany;7. U.S. Geological Survey, California Volcano Observatory, 345 Middlefield Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA;8. Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan;9. Applied Geology and Environmental Planning, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany;10. Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg, UMR 7063, 5 rue René Descartes, Strasbourg F-67084, France;11. Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France;12. Jacobs, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA;13. Cornish Lithium Ltd, Tremough Innovation Centre, Penryn TR10 9TA, UK;14. Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 1, 0371 Oslo, Norway;1. Géophysique Expérimentale, Institut de Physique de Globe de Strasbourg (UMR 7516 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg/EOST), 5 rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France;2. Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, 8140 Christchurch, New Zealand;3. Department for Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Theresienstr.41/III, 80333 Munich, Germany;4. Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GP, United Kingdom;5. Lehrstuhl für Ingenieurgeologie, Technische Universität München, Arcisstr. 21, 80333 Munich, Germany;6. Kakapo Disaster Resilience Trust, 7/63 Brockworth Place, Riccarton, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand;7. GNS Science, Whakaari Research Centre, Private Bag 2000, Taupo 3330, New Zealand |
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| Abstract: | The fragmentation of magma and of the hosting country rocks is a major process in explosive eruptions. It is important to quantify the mechanical energy needed for fragmentation in order to assess the physical processes of this volcanic phenomenon. This paper presents a method to calculate the fragmentation energy of country rock using granulometry data of a typical phreatomagmatic Eifel maar volcano explosion. The total fracture area of country rock fragments in one tephra layer was quantified and related to the critical fragmentation energy of these country rocks. The rock parameters critical shear stress and critical fragmentation energy were determined experimentally, whereas the pre-volcanic crack inventory was measured in the field. The paper concludes with the calculation of the energy balance (i.e. partitioning of thermal energy into kinetical energy and mechanical energy of the fragmentation) of one Eifel maar volcanic explosion. |
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