轮牧传统衰退:滇西北藏区亚高山草地退化的人文因素

滇西北藏区亚高山草地退化是个有目共睹的现实,有自然的原因也有人文的原因。以实地调查为基础,从藏民生计出发的研究发现,滇西北藏族的畜牧生产特点是6～9月位于3800m以上的高山草甸地带,11月至翌年3月位于3200m左右的亚高山草甸地带,属于轮牧作业;轮牧传统适应了气候和植物生长的季节性变化,有效地维持草地生产和传统围栏农业。轮牧传统的衰退,使牲畜集中在亚高山草甸地带,导致了草地退化。充分挖掘和尊重民族传统知识有助于退化草地恢复。

THE DECLINE OF TRADITIONAL SHIFTING LIVESTOCK BREEDING ONE CULTURAL FACTOR FOR THE DEGRADATION OF SUBALPINE MEADOW IN TIBETAN AREA, NORTHWESTERN YUNNAN

The degradation of subalpine meadows is an observable fact existing in the Tibetan region,Northwestern Yunnan.The reasons for it were usually believed to be both natural and human factors.Based on the detail field study and the emphasis on improving livelihood of indigenous people,the study indicated that the traditional stockbreeding in this region moved between alpine meadows(over 3 800 m asl,from April to September) and subalpine meadows(about 3 200 m asl,from November to May next year),being shifting stockbreeding.The shifting stockbreeding,following the seasonal changes of climate and plant growth,benefited the biomass accumulation of meadows and the traditional circled agriculture.The decline of shifting stockbreeding brought the high herd pressure on subalpine meadows,resulting in degradation of subalpine meadows.It was emphasized the importance to understand and respect indigenous knowledge for subalpine meadow restoration.