基于昆山市城乡一体化的景观动态变化分析

在我国快速城乡一体化发展的背景下,研究城乡一体化的景观格局动态变化,对城乡景观的协调发展有十分重要的意义。以昆山市域范围为研究对象,基于1985—2008年间的3期TM影像图及两期土地利用数据,采用遥感和地理信息系统相结合的技术方法,应用Image Analyzer 1.0等景观分析软件,依据城乡联系的特点对昆山市域范围的景观格局进行分类,并对其演变进行动态研究。结果表明:23年间自然景观类型的面积基本保持不变;人工景观面积显著增长了440%;半自然半人工景观面积减少了29%。乡镇的农业景观大幅度减少了312.45 km2(占总面积的33.69%),而工商业及交通用地的增幅达33.17倍。市域范围内整体斑块密度、景观斑块数量破碎化指数受人工景观类型的影响基本呈上升趋势;受可开发利用土地资源量的限制,斑块之间距离缩进,其景观分离度也呈下降趋势。说明在城乡一体化进程中,景观格局受人为影响非常严重,在城市建设的同时,自然景观格局的连续性与完整性遭到破环。

The Analysis of Landscape Dynamics Changes Based on Urban-Rural Integration in Kunshan City

Based on the rapid urban-rural integration,the research of landscape dynamics changes is of great significance for coordinated development of urban and rural landscape.This paper takes Kunshan City as the research object,with 1985—2008 TM images and land-use maps and data,software image analyzer 1.0,using the combination of technology and methods on remote sensing and geographic information systems,according to the characteristics of rural-urban linkages,the landscape pattern is classified,and the dynamic changes is researched.The results showed that:During the 23 years,the natural landscape of the area remained unchanged;artificial landscape area rose significantly by 440%;semi-natural semi-artificial landscape area reduced by 29%;rural agricultural area reduced 312.45 km2(33.69% of total area),while the trade and traffic land increased by 33.17 times.City patch density and landscape patches fragmentation index impacted by artificial type is upward trend;by the development and utilization of land resource constraints,the distance between patches indentation,separation decline.It means that the landscape pattern is seriously disturbanced by human beings in the development of urban construction;the natural landscape pattern of continuity has been broken.