Mesozoischer Vulkanismus in Nordspanien: Rifting im Keuper und Kreide-Vulkanismus auf Transform-Störungen? |
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Authors: | Dr Jürgen Boess Dr Andreas Hoppe |
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Institution: | (1) Present address: Geologisches Institut der Universität, Albertstraße 23 B, 7800 Freiburg |
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Abstract: | Zusammenfassung Während des Keupers und des frühen Jura wurden in Nordspanien petrographisch und chemisch recht einheitliche Vulkanite, die sog. Keuper-Ophite, gefördert. Ihre Haupt- und Spurenelement-Chemie weist sie als Tholeiite aus. Diskriminierungs-Diagramme ordnen sie Ozeanboden-Basalten zu, ihre Gehalte an Leichten Seltenen Erden sind sehr gering. Dieser Befund, der zunächst den geologischen Verhältnissen zu widersprechen schien, ließe sich interpretieren als der fehlgeschlagene Versuch einer Ozean-Bildung. Während des Keupers entwickelte sich in Nordspanien ein Rift-Graben. Eventuell stand dieser Rift-Graben von einem Tripelpunkt ausgehend mit dem später einsetzenden Spreading im westlichen Mittelmeer in Verbindung.Während der Kreide (unteres Cenoman bis Coniac) stiegen Alkali-Basalte auf, die in Gängen erstarrten oder als Pillow-Laven ausflössen. In Diskriminations-Diagrammen fallen sie in die Felder der Intraplatten-Basalte. Der Vulkanismus ist eng verknüft mit der Öffnung der Biskaya. In der östlichen Biskaya kam es zu einer Aufspaltung der Spreading-Achse. Ein nördliches Becken (in der heutigen Biskaya gelegen) und ein südliches Becken (der Basko-Kantabrische Trog) wurden von einer Mikroplatte, dem sog. Biskaya-Hoch, getrennt. Zwischen den beiden Divergenz-Zonen vermittelten vermutlich ozeanische Bruchzonen bzw. undichte Transform-Störungen, die stumpfwinklig zu den Beckenachsen verliefen, und auf denen die Kreide-Vulkanite gefördert wurden.
During Late Triassic and Early Jurassic the so-called Keuper-Ophite volcanics were extruded in North Spain. These volcanics are petrographically and chemically rather uniform with a main and trace element composition which is typical for tholeiites. Their position in discriminationdiagrams shows that they are related to oceanfloor-basalts. The tholeiites show very low contents of light rare earths. This result, which contradicts geological evidence, could be interpreted as an aborted attempt of ocean-forming. A rift-graben developed in North Spain during Late Triassic. Possibly this rift-graben extended into a triple junction, which was connected with the spreading-zone in the western Mediterranean that became active at a later stage.During the Late Cretaceous (lower Cenomanian to Coniacian) alkali basalts formed dykes or extruded forming pillow-lavas. In discrimination-diagrams these basalts plot in the fields of intra-plate basalts. The volcanism is closely related to the opening of the Bay of Biscay. In the eastern Bay the spreading-axes split. A northern basin (situated in the present Bay of Biscay) and a southern basin (the Basco-Cantabrian Trough) were separated by a microplate, the so-called Biscay-High. Both zones of divergence were probably connected by obtusely striking oceanic fracturezones or leaky transform faults along which the Cretaceous volcanics were extruded.
Résumé Dans le nord de l'Espagne, des roches volcaniques chimiquement et pétrographiquement uniformes ont été extrudées au cours du Keuper et de l'Eo-jurassique; elles sont connues sous le nom de »Keuper-ophites«. Le chimissme de leurs éléments majeurs et en traces les rattachent aux tholéiites. Leurposition dans les diagrammes de discrimination les rattache aux basaltes de la crocute océanique. Leur teneur en terres rares est très faible. Ces données, qui semblement en contradiction avec la situation géologique, peuvent s'interpréter comme témoignant d'une ouverture océanique avortée. Un rift s'est développé dans le nord de l'Espagne au Triassique supérieur. Il est possible que ce rift, formant une des branches d'une tripöe jonction, ait été en relation avec l'expansion qui a eu lieu plus tard en Méditérrannée occidentale.Au cours du Crétacé (du Cénomannien inférieur au Coniacien), des basaltes alcalins se sont mis en place sous forme de filons et de laves en coussins. Sur les diagrammes de discrimination, ils se situent dans les champs des basaltes intra-plaques. Le volcanisme est étroitement asocié à l'ouverture du golfe de Gascogne. Dans la partie E du golfe, l'axe d'ouverture s'est dichotomisé, donnant naissance à deux bassin méridional (la fosse basquo-cantabrique), séparés par une micro-plaque. Ces deux branches étaient probalement reiées par des zones de fractures océaniques ou par des failles transformates, qui faisaient un angle obtus avec les axes des bassins et le long desquelles ont pu monter les basalter crétacés.
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![mcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1077.gif) ![zhcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1078.gif) ![pcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1087.gif) ![lcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1080.gif) ![tcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1086.gif) ![chcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1095.gif) ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1099.gif) ![bcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1073.gif) ![acy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1072.gif) ![zcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1079.gif) ![acy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1083.gif) ![tcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1086.gif) . ![Vcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1042.gif) ![ucy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1091.gif) ![lcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1083.gif) ![kcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1082.gif) ![acy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1080.gif) ![zcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1079.gif) ![ocy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1086.gif) ![kcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1082.gif) ![acy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1072.gif) ![zcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1079.gif) ![ycy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1099.gif) ![acy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1072.gif) ![iecy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1090.gif) ![scy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1090.gif) ![iecy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) ![scy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1089.gif) ![vcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1074.gif) ![yacy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1103.gif) ![zcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1079.gif) ![acy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1099.gif) ![ocy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1090.gif) ![rcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ycy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1099.gif) ![tcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1090.gif) ![icy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1080.gif) ![iecy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1077.gif) ![Bcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1041.gif) ![icy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1082.gif) ![acy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1072.gif) , ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) ![vcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ocy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ocy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1086.gif) ![chcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1095.gif) ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1086.gif) ![chcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1095.gif) ![acy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1072.gif) ![scy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1090.gif) ![kcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ocy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1089.gif) ![rcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1072.gif) ![shcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1096.gif) ![icy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1080.gif) ![rcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1080.gif) ![dcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1086.gif) ![kcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1082.gif) ![iecy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1077.gif) ![acy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) ![rcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1088.gif) ![scy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1089.gif) ![shchcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1097.gif) ![iecy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1077.gif) ![pcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1087.gif) ![lcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1083.gif) ![yacy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1103.gif) ![iecy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1090.gif) ![scy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1089.gif) . ![Scy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1057.gif) ![iecy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1077.gif) ![vcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1074.gif) ![iecy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1099.gif) ![bcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1073.gif) ![acy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1072.gif) ![scy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1089.gif) ![scy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1089.gif) ![iecy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1077.gif) ![jcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1081.gif) (![rcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1072.gif) ![pcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ocy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1086.gif) ![lcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1083.gif) ![acy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1072.gif) ![gcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1075.gif) ![acy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1072.gif) ![yucy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1102.gif) ![shchcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1097.gif) ![icy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1080.gif) ![jcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1081.gif) ![scy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) ![mcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1090.gif) ![scy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1089.gif) ![iecy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1077.gif) ![gcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1075.gif) ![ocy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1086.gif) ![dcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) ![yacy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1103.gif) ![shcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1096.gif) ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) ![iecy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1077.gif) ![gcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1075.gif) ![icy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1080.gif) ![scy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1082.gif) ![acy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1072.gif) ![jcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1081.gif) ![scy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1086.gif) ![gcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1075.gif) ![zcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1079.gif) ![acy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1072.gif) ![lcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1080.gif) ![vcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1074.gif) ) ![zhcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1078.gif) ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1099.gif) ![bcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1073.gif) ![acy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1072.gif) ![scy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1089.gif) ![scy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1089.gif) ![iecy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1077.gif) ![jcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1081.gif) (![bcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1073.gif) ![acy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1072.gif) ![scy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1082.gif) -![kcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1082.gif) ![acy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) ![tcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1072.gif) ![rcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1088.gif) ![icy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1080.gif) ![jcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1081.gif) ![scy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1082.gif) ![icy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1080.gif) ![tcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1090.gif) ![rcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1086.gif) ) ![ocy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1086.gif) ![kcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1082.gif) ![acy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1072.gif) ![zcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1079.gif) ![ycy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1099.gif) ![vcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1074.gif) ![yucy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1102.gif) ![tcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1090.gif) ![scy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1089.gif) ![rcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1072.gif) ![zcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1079.gif) ![dcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1076.gif) ![iecy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1077.gif) ![lcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1083.gif) ![iecy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1099.gif) ![mcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) ![iecy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1077.gif) ![kcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1086.gif) ![icy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1080.gif) ![kcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1082.gif) ![rcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1086.gif) ![pcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1087.gif) ![lcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1080.gif) ![tcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1086.gif) , ![icy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1080.gif) ![mcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ucy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1091.gif) ![iecy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1077.gif) ![mcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1084.gif) Biskaya-Hoch. ![Mcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1052.gif) ![iecy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1077.gif) ![zhcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1078.gif) ![dcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ocy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1086.gif) ![bcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1073.gif) ![iecy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1077.gif) ![icy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1080.gif) ![mcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1084.gif) ![zcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1079.gif) ![ocy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) ![acy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1072.gif) ![mcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1084.gif) ![icy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1080.gif) ![vcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1074.gif) ![iecy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1088.gif) ![gcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1075.gif) ![iecy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) ![tscy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1094.gif) ![icy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) ![acy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1072.gif) ![khcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1093.gif) ![ocy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1086.gif) ![dcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1076.gif) ![icy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1080.gif) ![tcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1090.gif) , ![vcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1074.gif) ![iecy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1086.gif) ![yacy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1103.gif) ![tcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) , ![ocy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1086.gif) ![kcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1082.gif) ![iecy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1077.gif) ![acy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1095.gif) ![iecy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1077.gif) ![scy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1089.gif) ![acy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1072.gif) ![zcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1079.gif) ![ocy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) ![rcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1072.gif) ![zcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1079.gif) ![lcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ocy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1086.gif) ![mcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1086.gif) , ![icy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1080.gif) ![lcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) ![iecy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1077.gif) ![pcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1087.gif) ![lcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ocy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1099.gif) ![tcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1090.gif) ![rcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) ![scy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1089.gif) ![fcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1092.gif) ![ocy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1099.gif) ![ncy](/content/k414203084256536/xxlarge1085.gif) 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