氨氮污染源区包气带剖面微生物生态分布特征的研究

包气带土壤中氨氮污染迁移规律已成为近年来国内外学者研究的重点,目前在氨氮污染迁移规律研究中采用柱实验模拟以及软件模拟的方法较多,土壤生物技术则广泛应用于污染物降解领域,而在污染物迁移规律研究中应用较少。本文采用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术、16S rRNA序列分析技术以及典范对应分析相结合,对华北平原3个典型氨氮污染区土壤表层至包气带剖面微环境的细菌垂直分布特征及群落结构进行研究。结合污染区土壤理化性质分析,认为包气带土壤剖面的细菌群落中存在着与氮循环、硫酸盐代谢等过程偶联的优势细菌类群,说明土壤微环境中细菌群落分布明显受氨态氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮和硫酸盐的分布影响,进一步表明污染土壤优势菌群的群落结构信息是描述包气带土壤环境氨氮污染物迁移规律的重要参数。

Microbial Ecological Diversity Characteristics of the Soil Profile in the Vadose Zone Polluted by Ammonia Nitrogen

Scholars at home and abroad in recent years have focused on researching ammonia nitrogen pollution migration rules in the vadose zone soil. Column simulation and software simulation were primarily conducted for the study of ammonia nitrogen pollution migration. Biotechnology was widely used in degradation of pollutant in soil, but less applied to the study of pollution migration. This study applied Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) and the sequence analysis of the V3 Region of 16S rRNA combined with canonical correspondence analysis to characterize the bacteria vertical distribution characteristics and bacterial community structure in the soil from three typical contaminated zones in the North China Plain. According to the analysis of physical and chemical soil properties in polluted areas, there were some dominant individual bacteria in the key pathways of the nitrogen cycle and sulfate metabolism. It is suggested that the bacterial communities are affected by the distributions of ammonia, nitrate and nitrite nitrogen, showing that the community structure information of the dominant population in contaminated soil is an important parameter to study the ammonia nitrogen pollution migration rules.