中国外资利用效率测评及其时空变化研究

提高外资利用效率是实现中国外资利用模式从数量型向质量型战略转变的关键途径,具有重要的现实和理论意义。基于此理,本文引入DEA模型,选取劳动、资本、资金3 项投入指标和技术溢出、经济和社会产出3 项产出指标构建评价体系,对中国FDI利用效率的时空变化特征进行了实证分析。结果显示:①近10 年全国外资利用效率普遍偏低且变动幅度不大,外资利用技术效率>规模效率>综合效率。②中国外资利用效率空间分异的变化显著,由2000 年“大集中-小分散”与“大分散-小集中”并存空间分布特征转变为2009 年“大集中-小分散”的空间分布格局,且西部外资利用效率长期大于东部和中部地区,在全国规模收益递减和不变地区长期占主导地位;③外资利用技术效率和规模效率共同决定着综合效率,而技术效率的决定作用稍微较强。对于外资利用效率有待优化的地区应重视外资管理和引导外资从冗余地区逐步迁移,对外资流向和流量进行监控。

Research on the Evaluation and Spatiotemporal Changes of FDI Utilization Efficiency in China

Improving FDI utilization efficiency is the key way to transfer the mode of using FDI into a quality emphasized strategic one,which has important practical and theoretical significance.Based on this aim,this paper introduces DEA model,chooses labor,capital,capital input indexes and technology spillover,economic and social output to construct an evaluation index system,and analyzes empirically temporal-spatial variation characteristics of FDI utilization efficiency in China.The results show that: 1) FDI utilization efficiency is generally low,and the change range of FDI utilization efficiency is not wide in the past 10 years.The technology efficiency of FDI utilization is higher than scale efficiency of FDI utilization,and the scale efficiency of FDI utilization is higher than comprehensive efficiency of FDI utilization;2) As for spatiotemporal variations,the change of FDI utilization efficiency in connection with the space differentiation is significant.The spatial distribution patterns of"big concentration-small dispersion"and"big dispersion-small concentration"coexisted in 2000,and the space differentiation changed into"big concentration-small dispersion"pattern in 2009.In the long term FDI utilization efficiency of western China is greater than that of eastern and central China.Thus the western region will be in a dominant position among the regions with diminishing and unchanged return to scale for a long time across the country;3) The technology and scale efficiency of FDI utilization together determine comprehensive efficiency,and the technical efficiency has stronger decisive effects.The regions whose efficiency in the use of FDI needs to be optimized should pay attention to the first three factors and foreign management as well as monitor the directions of flows and the flow volume of FDI,so that FDI gradually flows out of the redundancy region.