北京制造业空间布局演化及重心变动分解分析

21 世纪之初,北京正由一个工业城市逐步向适合首都特点的新经济型城市转变,其都市国际化、经济服务化、区域一体化和产业轻型化的四化经济发展战略都将对北京制造业的发展产生深刻的影响.本文以空间布局为着眼点,分别运用功能分区的圈层划分方法和基于邮区尺度的重心计算方法,对近10 年北京制造业的空间布局演化过程进行刻画,并且利用重心变动的分解分析对影响制造业布局的动力因素进行定量描述.研究表明,研究期内北京制造业的布局正在经历由城市功能拓展区向城市发展新区调整的过渡阶段;近10 年间北京制造业的就业和企业分布重心都出现了向东偏移的趋势,但是南北方向有所不同：前者向东北偏移,后者向东南偏移.对北京制造业的就业重心变动进行分解分析,结果表明：结构效应和空间效应对就业重心偏移的贡献同样显著,推动就业重心向东北偏移.北京应继续深化劳动和资本密集型的重化工业向技术和知识密集型的高新技术工业的结构调整,优先发展适合首都特点的都市型工业和高新技术工业;要继续引导产业转移,推动制造业“东移南扩”的布局调整,逐步形成布局合理、相互促进、协同发展的大都市区产业空间格局.

Research on Spatial Distribution of the Manufacturing in Beijing and Its Decomposition of Center of Gravity

In the first decade of this century,Beijing has been undergoing the conversion from an industrial city to a new economic city which is more suitable for the capital city,and the transfer will have a profound and far-reaching influence on the distribution of the manufacturing in Beijing.This paper intends to represent the spatial evolution of manufacturing in Beijing in recent 10 years,using the methods of functional zonation and center of gravity calculation.In addition,by decomposing the change of the center of gravity,we also try to describe quantitatively some factors which affect the distribution of manufacturing.Firstly,by collecting and processing the statistical data of the manufacturing in Beijing,we found that the spatial distribution of manufacturing in Beijing had been expanding from the function extension area to the new urban area,and the centers of gravity of both manufacturing employment and enterprises in Beijing extended eastward.However,there are also some differences: the former to the northeast,the latter to the southeast.Secondly,we decomposed the change of the center of gravity to three effects.The result shows that both the structure effect and the spatial effect play more important roles in the change of the center of gravity of manufacturing employees,which were the dominant driving force for the change of the center of gravity of manufacturing in Beijing.It is concluded that,on one hand,we should carry out the readjustment of industrial structure,to transfer from the labor-and capital-intensive heavy chemical industries to the knowledge-and tech-intensive high-tech industries,such as manufacture of electronic and communication equipment and manufacture of computers and office work equipment;on the other hand,we should further optimize the spatial distribution of the manufacturing in Beijing,so as to shape a new closer industrial pattern among Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei province.