深渊生物资源取样装备技术体系研究

针对深渊生物资源研究的需求,自主研发了用于全海深深度的深渊沉积物、水体和宏生物的保压取样装置,深渊沉积物保压转移装置,深渊微生物原位过滤及保存装置和高压培养高压酶学测定装置。在深海模拟环境验证了取样装置在万米深度下的工作性能。相关装置在“探索一号”科考船的TS15、TS21-1和TS21-2大洋科考航次中,搭载“奋斗者”号载人潜器、“2号”深渊着陆器、“原位实验”号着陆器于西菲律宾盆区和马里亚纳海沟进行了海上试验,成功获取了万米深度沉积物、水体和宏生物保压样品以及微生物原位过滤滤膜;成功进行了沉积物保压样品的保压转移试验。初步形成了深渊海域生物资源取样的装备技术体系,为深渊海底生物和基因资源开发,深渊生命过程等科学研究提供技术手段。

Research on the technical system of abyss biological resources sampling equipment

In response to the needs of abyss biological resources research, pressure-holding sampling devices for deep-sea abyss sediments, water and macro-organisms, abyss sediment pressure-holding transfer devices, abyssal microorganism in-situ filtration and preservation device, and high-pressure enzymatic assay device have been independently developed. The high-pressure test was carried out to check the device''s performance under a high-pressure environment. The devices were tested for sea trials during Cruise TS15, TS21-1, and TS21-2. The "Fendouzhe" manned submersible, the "Erhao" lander, and the "Yuanweishiyan" lander carried the devices diving for sea trials in the West Philippine Basin and the Mariana Trench. Pressure?holding samples of deep?sea abyss sediments, water and macro?organisms at a depth of 10 000 meters were successfully obtained, and pressure?holding transfer experiments for sediment samples were successfully conducted. The equipment and technology system for sampling biological resources in the abyss have been initially formed, and the proposed sampling mechanism can be widely used for full-ocean depth isobaric sampling.