全球长期减排目标与碳排放权分配原则

全球长期减排目标将对世界未来的碳排放形成严重制约,减排义务的分担原则涉及各国的发展空间,事关根本利益。部分发达国家倡导人均排放趋同原则,回避发达国家的历史责任,中国等发展中国家提出人均累积排放趋同原则,强调公平性。按人均累积排放量计算,发达国家自工业革命以来的CO₂排放量已远超出其到2050年前应有的限额,其当前和今后相当长时期的高人均排放都将继续挤占发展中国家的排放空间。因此,发达国家在哥本哈根会议的中近期减排承诺中必须深度减排,以实现全球长期减排目标下的排放轨迹,并为发展中国家留有必要的发展空间。同时必须对发展中国家给予充足的资金和技术支持,作为对其过度挤占发展中国家发展空间的补偿,使发展中国家能够在可持续发展框架下,提高应对气候变化的能力。我国在对外坚持公平原则,努力争取合理的排放空间的同时,对内要加强向低碳经济转型,努力实现保护全球气候和国内可持续发展的双赢。

Long-Term Climate Change Mitigation Target and Carbon Permit Allocation

Long-term climate change mitigation target would highly constrain global carbon emissions in future. Carbon permit allocation under the long-term mitigation target would impact development space for all countries, involving the fundamental interests. Some developed countries advocate the principle of per capita emission convergence while China and other developing countries propose the principle of convergence of accumulative emission per capita to consider historical responsibility. If the latter is used for carbon permit allocation, CO₂ emissions of developed countries since the industrial revolution have far exceeded their allocated permits. Developed countries?high per capita emissions at present and for quite a long period in future would continue to occupy emission spaces for developing countries. Therefore, developed countries must commit deeper emission reduction rate for the next commitment period at the Copenhagen conference in order to achieve the emission pathway under the long-term emission reduction target, and to save necessary development space for developing countries. At the same time, developed countries should provide adequate financial and technical support as compensation for their overuse of the development space for developing countries, to improve developing countries?capacity to respond to climate change under the framework of sustainable development. On the one hand, we should insist on the principle of equity to obtain reasonable emission space for our country in the international climate change negotiation; while on the other hand, we should enhance development toward low-carbon economy to protect global environment and to achieve sustainable development.