十年间黄海大型底栖动物优势种的变化

本文根据2000年10月、2001年3月、2003年6月、2004年1月、2011年4月和8月黄海大型底栖动物调查资料对十年间大型底栖动物优势种的变化进行研究。研究结果表明:十年间共出现优势种9种(优势度0.02),包括寡鳃齿吻沙蚕Nephtys oligobranchia、背蚓虫Notomastus latericeus、掌鳃索沙蚕Nin?e palmata,角海蛹Ophelina acuminata和蜈蚣欧努菲虫Onuphis geophiliformis等5种多毛纲动物,薄索足蛤Thyasira tokunagai和橄榄胡桃蛤Nucula tenuis等2种软体动物,浅水萨氏真蛇尾Ophiura sarsii vadicola和紫蛇尾Ophiopholis mirabilis等2种棘皮动物。其中,薄索足蛤为2000年10月、2003年6月、2004年1月和2011年4月航次黄海大型底栖动物优势种,浅水萨氏真蛇尾和掌鳃索沙蚕为2011年4月和8月航次黄海大型底栖动物优势种、角海蛹为2004年1月和2011年4月航次黄海大型底栖动物的优势种。背蚓虫则是2011年8月航次的优势种,优势度为0.0859。对2011年2个航次调查区域深度进行划分,结合底层水温度和盐度等环境因子进行指示种分析,结果表明,黄海0—30m水深区域指示种为日本角吻沙蚕Goniada japonica、寡节甘吻沙蚕Glycinde gurjanovae、美人虾Callianassa sp.和双眼钩虾Ampelisca sp.。30m水深以上区域的指示种主要是背蚓虫、奇异指纹蛤Acila mirabilis、掌鳃索沙蚕和浅水萨氏真蛇尾。指示种组成与优势种的组成较一致,表明水深、底层水温度和盐度是影响黄海大型底栖动物优势种分布的主要因素。十年间上黄海近岸水域底栖动物优势种发生了变化,小型的多毛类如背蚓虫和掌鳃索沙蚕等成为近岸海域主要的优势种。冷水团水域优势种较稳定,主要为浅水萨氏真蛇尾和薄索足蛤。

VARIATION OF MACROBENTHOS IN YELLOW SEA IN PAST 10 YEARS

Based on macrobenthos collected in October 2000, March 2001 and 2003, June, January 2004, April and August 2011 in the Yellow Sea, species were studied, of which nine were dominant macrobenthos in the past 10 years in dominant value >0.02). In addition, five polychaete species (Nephtys oligobranchia, Notomastus latericeus, Ninöe palmate, Ophelina acuminate and Onuphis geophiliformis), two mollusk species (Thyasira tokunagai and Nucula tenuis), and two Echinodermata species (Ophiura sarsii vadicola and Ophiopholis mirabilis). T. tokunagai was a dominant species in four cruises, O. acuminate, O. sarsii vadicola, and N. palmate were dominant species in two cruises. The dominant values of N. latericeus (0.0859) is the greatest in six cruises. We assessed indicator potential of different taxa independent of environmental elements by Indicator Species Analysis (ISA). To delineate water layers in different depths for two cruises of April and August 2011, we analyzed indicator species based on bottom water temperature and salinity. The results show that in the Yellow Sea, Goniada japonica, Glycinde gurjanovae, Callianassa sp, and Ampelisca sp were the indicator species to 30-m-deep layer (P<0.05), while N. latericeus, Acila mirabilis, N. palmate, and O. sarsii vadicola to >30-m layer. In addition, the compositions of indicator species are consistent with those of dominant species. Therefore, depth, bottom water temperature, and salinity were key environmental factors on the distribution of dominant macrobenthos species in April and August 2011. In the past 10 years, in the coastal water of the Yellow Sea, dominancy of the macrobenthos species has been changed generally from larger bivalves into smaller polychaetes, whereas that of the cold water mass areas remains unchanged.