Absolute Calibration of an Ashtech Z12-T GPS Receiver

Dual-frequency carrier phase and code measurements from geodetic type receivers are a promising tool for frequency and time transfer. In order to use them for clock comparisons, all instrumental delays should be calibrated. We have carried out the calibration of one such receiver, an Ashtech Z12-T type, by two different methods: first, by absolute calibration using a GPS simulator; second, by differential calibration with respect to a time transfer receiver that had previously been calibrated. We present the experimental set-ups and the results of the two experiments and estimate the uncertainty budget. An ultimate uncertainty of order 1 ns in the absolute calibration seems to be attainable. ? 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.