Theory and operation of the split langmuir probe

An instrument, the split Langmuir probe, has been developed to make in situ measurements of current density and plasma bulk flow. The split Langmuir probe consists of two conducting elements that are separated by a thin insulator that shield each other over a 2π solid angle, and that are simultaneously swept from negative to positive potentials with respect to the plasma. By measuring the current to each plate and the difference current between plates, information can be obtained on the plasma's current density, bulk flow, electron temperature, and density. The instrument was successfully test flown from Fort Churchill on 2 August 1968, with results in reasonable agreement with those from another experiment on the same rocket. Sources of error indicated by these results include plate area differences, plate work function differences, input resistor differences, and probe wake effects. The error signal in the difference current data due to plate work function differences rose to a sharp maximum at plasma potential, which served the useful purpose of precisely marking plasma potential. Possible changes in probe geometry, sweep rate, and telemetry designed to reduce these errors are discussed.