空间视角下旅游休闲场所的主客关系——以广州白天鹅宾馆大堂为例

利用空间句法理论对广州市白天鹅宾馆大堂的空间组构规律进行分析，并结合深度访谈、参与式观察等质性分析方法，探究空间因素在主客交往过程中的作用机制。结果发现：1）酒店大堂呈现“视觉整合统一，空间分割互补”的空间构型特征，该特征与游客需求相适应。2）大堂中的主客关系表征出接触时间短、受限于特定时空间、地位不平衡等特点，游客在主客关系中的地位高于酒店员工，酒店的盈利性是塑造主客关系不平衡性的主要原因。3）空间对不平衡主客关系的塑造和维持具有重要意义：大堂空间“迎合”了各类旅游休闲者的需求，促进其旅游休闲体验的提升，同时“规训”了酒店员工的行为；空间对部分酒店员工产生了正向的“外溢”作用；空间是展现酒店服务水平的“门面”和“舞台”，酒店管理者试图通过大堂的空间设计维持不平衡的主客关系。4）酒店管理者及员工有意图地为游客营造“家”的感受，提升其满意度及出行体验。“家”的建构与游客现代性背景下的情感有关，在特定的空间构型下可外化为舒适性、便利性等诸多体验，并作用于其消费等行为。

Host-Guest Interaction from a Spatial Perspective: The Case of the White Swan Hotel Lobby in Guangzhou

Although host-guest interaction has become an important and heated issue in tourism and leisure research, the effect of geographical location is largely underexplored. Additionally, quantitative analysis methods are less applied in the existing empirical studies. Based on Space Syntax theory and using qualitative analysis (participant observation and in-depth interviews), the present study examined the role of the configuration of spatial elements in the process of host-guest interaction in the lobby of the White Swan Hotel in Guangzhou. Results suggested the following: 1) The hotel lobby's spatial configuration is visually integrated while also divided and permeable. These characteristics of the space meet the tourists' requirements. 2) The host-guest interaction in the hotel lobby can be categorized as temporary, limited to specific times and locations, and imbalanced. The tourists' position usually prevails over that of the hotel staff, in order for the hotel to make a profit. 3) Spatial configuration plays a role in the imbalance between host and guest in the lobby. Specifically, the hotel lobby "caters to" the needs of all kinds of tourists, enhancing the sense of tourism and leisure. In contrast, "discipline" is required of the hotel staff and is reinforced by the design of the space. There is also a positive "spillover" effect of the spatial configuration on hotel employees. The lobby can be regarded as the "facade of a shop" and "stage" to present the hotel's service level, and thus senior management uses it to maintain the unbalanced host-guest relationship. 4) The hotel managers and employees aim to construct a sense of "home" for tourists to ensure their satisfaction and provide a positive travel experience. The construction of a sense of "home" is related to tourists' emotions in the context of modernity, which can be encompassed in a kind of experience (e.g., comfort and convenience) in a specific spatial configuration, and impacts tourists' consumption behavior. Space syntax regards the space of daily life as the background of social relations and recognizes the subjective role of space. It provides a channel for quantitative analysis of the spatial configuration of the hotel lobby and its social cultural logic with relation to host-guest interaction through mathematical modeling.Host-Guest Interaction from a Spatial Perspective: The Case of the White Swan Hotel Lobby in Guangzhou