重庆市主城区软件和信息技术服务企业空间格局演化与区位选择

基于重庆市工商企业注册数据，利用核密度分析、多距离空间聚类等空间分析方法，分析了重庆市主城区软件和信息技术服务企业2002—2017年的空间格局演化特征，并借助Tobit模型探讨其区位选择影响因素。研究表明：1）从现状分布看，距离城市中心4~12 km的城市中间圈层是重庆市主城区软件和信息技术服务企业分布的主要空间，并呈“双峰”圈层分布特征，空间分布表现为“一主两次”多中心格局，集聚特征显著。2）2002—2017年，企业分布出现郊区化现象的同时大量向距离城市中心6~8 km范围集中，圈层分布由“双峰”结构向“单峰”结构转变，空间格局由单中心分布演变为“一主两次”多中心格局，集聚强度与规模持续提高。3）产业集聚因素对重庆市主城区软件和信息技术服务企业的区位选择影响最为显著，其次是相关区位条件和市内交通因素的影响，对外交通和空间政策因素在企业区位选择中的作用未通过显著性检验。

Spatial Pattern Evolution and Location Choice of Software and Information Technology Service Enterprises in the Main Urban Area of Chongqing

As an emerging strategic industry with high added value, wide application, and low energy consumption, the software and information technology service industry plays an important role in promoting the development and transformation of the national economy. The reasonable layout of the software and information technology service industry is of great significance to issues such as industrial development and optimizing the urban spatial structure. Based on the registration data of industrial and commercial enterprises, this study uses spatial analysis methods, such as Kernel Density(KDE) and Multi-Distance Spatial Cluster Analysis(Ripley's K), to study the spatial pattern evolution characteristics of software and information technology service enterprises in the main urban area of Chongqing from 2002 to 2017. In addition, this paper uses the Tobit model to explore the impact of location , transportation, industrial agglomeration and policies on the location of enterprises. The research shows that: (1) From the current distribution, the urban middle circle, which is 4-12 km away from the city center, has become the main space for the distribution of software and information technology service enterprises in the main urban area; it forms a "double peak" circle distribution. The spatial distribution pattern is expressed as "one main twice," and the agglomeration feature is remarkable. (2) From 2002 to 2017, while the distribution of enterprises was suburbanized, a large number of enterprises were concentrated 6-8 km away from the city center. The circle distribution changed from a "double peak" structure to a "single peak" structure, and the spatial pattern gradually evolved from a single center to "one main twice"; further, the intensity and scale of agglomeration also increased continuously. (3) Industrial agglomeration has the most significant impact on the location selection of software and information technology service enterprises in the main urban area. The location conditions and intra-city traffic factors have significant impact. The factors of spatial planning policy and external transportation facilities on the selection of enterprises' location are not significant. These research results show that the spatial distribution of the software and information technology service industry in the main urban area of Chongqing presents the characteristics of being concentrated in the middle layer of the city, having multiple centers, and of suburbanization. Compared to software companies in Shanghai, Nanjing, and other cities, the special landscape pattern and relatively backward development stage make the software and information technology service companies in the main urban area of Chongqing have a stronger preference for the urban middle circle. Additionally, the results of the influencing factors of location choice indicate that with the deepening of industry development, the role of various factors in the choice of enterprises' location is also changing. For Chongqing, which is undergoing industrial upgrading, these research findings can provide reference and guidance for the upgrading and transformation of Chongqing's industrial structure, and also provide a basis for understanding the optimization of the urban spatial structure of the main urban area. Nevertheless, due to problems such as data acquisition and the difficulty of quantifying some corporate location factors, this research is possibly inadequate and more in-depth research is needed.