南京汤山猿人生存古环境重建探讨

由铀系法测定的５组化石年代数据表明，南京汤山猿人年代为２８０￣４３０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．之间；以剑齿象，李氏野猪，肿骨鹿，葛氏斑鹿、三门马等为主的古动物群化石，证实了南京猿人生活在中更新世中期偏晚，距今约３５０ｋａ左右。鉴定的孢粉主要为喜暖湿、暖干的落叶阔叶与针叶及蕨类混合林以及偏干凉的（松）针叶林、既未发现反映寒冷的云杉、冷杉、也未发现反映干旱的黄连木，表明本区猿人生存时并未经历中更新世冰期时的冰川环境

PALEO ENVIRONMENTAL RECONSTRUCTION DURING THE PERIOD OF NANJING APE MAN

Five group date of the fossil by Uranium series age method shows that the age of the Nanjing Ape Man is between 280-430 ka B.P. Combining with the analysis of fossil mammalian from Stegodon, Sus. lydekeri Zdansky, M. pachyosteus Young, P. grayi Zdansky, and E. sanmeniensis Teilhard et Piveteau, etc. which are located in the same stratum, the authors think that the Nanjing Ape Man should be lived in the late Middle Pleistocene (about 350 ka B.P.). Based upon the spores and pollen in the cave sediments of the area, we can find that most of spores and pollen are subtropical and warm temperate types, for instance, broad leaved trees which are fond of warm climate include Pterocarya, Alnus, Betula, Quercus, Juglans, Salix, Liquidambar and Ulmus; coniferous trees which are also fond of warm climate include Cunninghamia, Tsuga and Pinus , as well as Morus, Carpinus and Ptendium . Among of above spores and pollen, all of Tsuga, Liquidambar, Betula, Ulmus and Salix are the remainders of Humid hot environment from Tertiary period. Above evidences illustrate that the living environment of the Nanjing Ape Man not only was not colder, but also was not drier than Peking Man's. It can be said that the spores and pollen of the cave sediments in the region does not show a glacial environmentin, the ice age of the Middle Pleistocene didn't undergo the area. As for the manner of the Ape Man's making stone artifact and using fire, because now we have not found the evidence of the stone artifact and the ash, therefore, the further excavation to the talus of the Huludong cave should be needed.