中国喜马拉雅构造运动的陆内变形特征与油气矿藏富集

在前人研究的基础上,结合近年来在油气勘探中不断积累的地质资料和地质认识,提出了中国喜马拉雅构造运动的陆内变形特征及其分布规律受控于小型克拉通板块拼贴的基底结构和印/欧碰撞与太平洋板块俯冲所主导的双重控制因素;喜马拉雅构造运动的发育特征主要表现为三种动力学机制:青藏高原隆升、盆地与造山带体制和东部拉张活动。喜马拉雅构造运动的大地构造格局及其构造变形分布规律集中体现为4个构造域:青藏高原隆升区、环青藏高原盆山体系、稳定区和环西太平洋裂谷活动区。我国沉积盆地在喜马拉雅构造运动中的构造特征分为三种类型:(1)东部渤海湾、松辽等盆地受拉张构造环境控制的裂谷沉降;(2)中部四川、鄂尔多斯等盆地受青藏高原的向东推挤、盆缘冲断、盆内抬升剥蚀;(3)西部的塔里木、准噶尔、柴达木等盆地受青藏高原的向北推挤、冲断挠曲沉降,表现为克拉通单边或双边的压缩挠曲沉降与克拉通内部的冲断隆升沉降等多种盆山耦合形式。喜马拉雅构造运动控制着中国油气晚期定位与富集成藏,主要体现在:盆地的沉积与成藏,形成新生界自生自储的含油气盆地和油气藏;圈闭形成与油气运聚成藏;早期油气藏的调整和再分配;油气藏的破坏。

The characteristics of intra-continental deformation and hydrocarbon distribution controlled by the Himalayan tectonic movements in China

Based on previous studies and the latest insights from recent petroleum exploration programs, we propose that the characteristics of intra-continental deformation and its distribution, caused by the Himalayan tectonic movements, are controlled by basement framework formed by a collage of microcratons and lithotectonic terranes and dynamic factors such as the Indian/Eurasia collision and subduction of the Pacific plate. The evolution of Himalayan tectonic movements can be resolved by three principal dynamic mechanisms: (1) the uplift of Tibetan Plateau, (2) the coupling of orogenic belts and basins surrounding the Tibetan Plateau, and (3) extensional tectonics in eastern China. The tectonic framework and deformation that resulted from the Himalayan tectonic movements are mainly embodied in four tectonic domains: (1) the uplifted regions of the Tibetan Plateau, (2) the basin-and-range coupling of peripheral Tibetan Plateau, (3) stable regions, and (4) regions of active rifting along the western circum-Pacific margin. Sedimentary basins formed during the Himalayan tectonic movements, can be assorted into three categories: (1) rift basins due to extensional tectonics in east China, such as Bohai Bay Basin and Songliao Basin; (2) basins in central China, controlled by eastward compression of the Tibetan Plateau, which are characteristic of thrusting of basin margin and uplift-denudation in basins; (3) basins in west China such as the Tarim, Junggar and Qaidam Basins, which are associated with north-directed compression and exhibit thrust movements and flexural subsidence along basin margins. Their structural style is that of basin-and-range type. We conclude that Himalayan tectonic movements may have controlled the late hydrocarbon accumulation in China.