| 摘 要： | Alkali-metasomatism and/or alkali-metasomatites are commonly recognized in different types of endogenic iron deposit,especially in the contact-metasomatic and porphyrite types in China.Alkali-metasomatites occur at the bottom of the mineralized alteration zone,in the marginal facies of the metallogenetic magmatic masses adiacent to iron ore bodies.They are approximately consistent with the attitudes of the ore bodies.As a result of alkali-metasomatism,great changes have taken place in the source rocks,producing distinet alteration zones with the color becoming lighter and lighter upwards and outwards.The alkali-metesomatic solntion is a kind of pneumato-hydrothermal solution rich in Cl,Si and alkalis.Its main components are alkalis and volatiles(dominantly H2O and Cl).The alkalis are closely related to magmatie source and its subsequent differentiation,while H2O is derived mainly from meteoric waters absorbed by the magma and Cl mainly from magma-mesitized gypsum-salt strata(including ground brines).In essence,alkali-metasomatism is the continuation of magmatic evolution and also an auto-metamorphism within the metallogenetic masses,i.e.,a complex ion-exchange reaction under certain physico-chemical conditions.The whole process of alkali-metasomatism can generally be divided into the Na^ -,Ca^2 -and Na^ -replacement stages.In the Ca^2 -replacement stage iron was largely separated from the source rocks.Alkali-metasomatism and the formation of iron ore deposits are two different forms of expression with respect to the same magmatic process,and both are controlled by and genetically related to magmatism,as is indicated by the facts that some of the oreforming materials are products of the de-iron process during alkali-metasomatism and that alkalis and volatiles have played an active role in the formation of iron and differential fusion of silicate melt.
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