中国西南地区河流水文特性

对西南地区的山区、冰川—森林混合带和喀斯特等３种地貌类型的河流，从径流形成机理的角度对洪水过程与水量及其变化等特性作分析。

HYDROLOGICAL FEATURES OF RIVERS IN SOUTHWEST CHINA

The typical rivers in the regions of high mountain, glacier-forest and karst zones of southwest China have been explored. This study focuses on flood hydrographes and water yield from the point of view of runoff generation. The mountainous rivers in southwest China are characterized by steep stream and torrent flow.The geomorphy, vegetation and rain intensity conditions affect the hydrograph largely.The ratio of flood rising rate to decending rate is very cloed for different watersheds.The flow features for glacier_forest regions of Mt.Gongga are dependent on the climate and season.The water yields between forestation and non_forestation lands have little difference.For most regions, the rainfall causes no surface flow on mountain slope.The annual runoff coefficient is higher than that of the eastern and southern regions.The leakage of ground water along unclosed boundary of watershed has high impact on the basin water balance.In karst region with good soil layer ,the flow components of flood dydrographes are mainly the surface and subsurfac flows. The water flows through road crack and underground holes take up only a small proportion.