土壤污染的发生因素与治理方法

污染土壤的面积在迅速扩大，迫切需要修复、治理，污染土壤的修复工作已成为环境保护研究的一个重点内容。土壤污染特征主要与土壤特性和功能相联系。导致土壤污染的内在和外在的可能因素繁多，土壤污染组分日益复杂化，给人类生存环境带来的危害程度也逐渐加深。研究表明，重金属类和农药类有机污染物是土壤的主要化学污染物。现有的污染土壤治理方法，如物理法、化学法、生物法等，都不同程度存在难以克服的技术问题，污染土壤的生态化学修复，即生物技术与化学方法相结合，代表了21世纪污染土壤修复技术的发展方向。

Contributing Factors to the Contamination of Soils and Remedy Techniques

The area of contaminated soils is increasing rapidly. It is an urgent need to develop all around and effective remedy technology for contaminated soils. The characteristics of contamination of soil have close relationship with the special status and functions of soil, and the components of soil contamination are becoming increasingly complicated, which is badly endangering the living environment of people. It is known that heavy metals and pesticides are main contaminants to soils. The factors contributing to the contamination of soils are analysed. The situation of research and remedy of the heavy metal and organic matter pollution of soils is introduced. It is argued that the present remedy methods, such as physical, chemical and biological methods, all have some technical problems that are difficult to be settled, and the eco chemical method, which combines ecological and chemical technology, could represent the development orientation for remedy of the contaminated soils in the 21st century.