鹤岗市生态环境脆弱性演变分析

鹤岗作为煤炭资源型城市,其资源型产业对城市生态环境破坏严重,容易造成严重的环境污染。本文以鹤岗市为研究区域,构建生态环境脆弱性评价模型,选取2000-2014年统计数据,研究鹤岗市生态环境脆弱性演变特征及其主要影响因素,研究表明:1)15年间鹤岗市生态环境脆弱性指数逐渐下降,脆弱性等级从重度脆弱上升为中度脆弱。可分为3个阶段:2000-2010年缓慢下降,2011-2012年急速下降,2013-2014年波动上升。2)从各准则层看,生态压力指数和生态承载力脆弱性指数总体下降,生态恢复力指数波动上升。3)影响因素:生态压力和生态承载力脆弱性与生态环境脆弱性呈正相关,生态恢复力与生态环境脆弱性呈负相关;具体因素有采矿业法人单位数、建成区绿化覆盖率、工业固废综合利用率等。

Analysis on Evolution of Eco-environment Vulnerability in Hegang City

Hegang is a coal resource-based city. Its resource-based industry severely damages the urban ecological environment and easily causes serious environmental pollution. Taking Hegang City as a research area,this paper constructs an assessment model of ecological environmental vulnerability and selects statistical data from 2000 to 2014 to analyze the evolution characteristics and main influencing factors of ecological environmental vulnerability. The research shows that firstly,the eco-environmental vulnerability index of Hegang City has gradually declined in 15 years,and the level of vulnerability has risen from severely fragile to moderately fragile. It can be divided into three phases: the slow decline from 2000 to 2010,the rapid decline from 2011 to 2012,and the increase in volatility from 2013 to 2014. Secondly,from the perspective of various criteria,the ecological pressure index and the ecological vulnerability index generally decline. Thirdly,influencing factors are as follows. Ecological pressure and ecological capacity vulnerability are positively correlated with ecological environmental vulnerability,and ecological restoration capacity is negatively correlated with ecological environmental vulnerability. The specific factors include the number of mining industry legal entities,green coverage rate of builtup areas,and comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste,etc..