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Relative risk assessment of cruise ships biosolids disposal alternatives |
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| Authors: | Avellaneda Pedro M Englehardt James D Olascoaga Josefina Babcock Elizabeth A Brand Larry Lirman Diego Rogge Wolfgang F Solo-Gabriele Helena Tchobanoglous George |
| Institution: | a Department of Civil and Agricultural Engineering, Water Resources Engineering Research Group (GIREH), Carrera 30 No. 45-03, Building 409, Room 307, National University of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia b College of Engineering, University of Miami, P.O. Box 248294, Coral Gables, FL 33124, United States c Rosenstiel School of Atmospheric and Marine Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, United States d School of Engineering, University of California, 5200 North Lake Rd., Merced, CA 95343, United States e College of Engineering, University of Miami, Room 325 McArthur Engineering Building, Coral Gables, FL 33124-0630, United States f College of Engineering, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, 2001 Engineering III, Davis, CA 95616, United States |
| Abstract: | A relative risk assessment of biosolids disposal alternatives for cruise ships is presented in this paper. The area of study encompasses islands and marine waters of the Caribbean Sea. The objective was to evaluate relative human health and ecological risks of (a) dewatering/incineration, (b) landing the solids for disposal, considering that in some countries land-disposed solids might be discharged in the near-shore environment untreated, and (c) deep ocean disposal. Input to the Bayesian assessment consisted of professional judgment based on available literature and modeling information, data on constituent concentrations in cruise ship biosolids, and simulations of constituent concentrations in Caribbean waters assuming ocean disposal. Results indicate that human health and ecological risks associated with land disposal and shallow ocean disposal are higher than those of the deep ocean disposal and incineration. For incineration, predicted ecological impacts were lower relative to deep ocean disposal before considering potential impacts of carbon emissions. |
| Keywords: | Cruise Biosolids Disposal Treatment Caribbean |
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