Estuarine ecological risk based on hepatic histopathological indices from laboratory and in situ tested fish |
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Authors: | Costa Pedro M Caeiro Sandra Lobo Jorge Martins Marta Ferreira Ana M Caetano Miguel Vale Carlos DelValls T Ángel Costa Maria H |
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Institution: | a IMAR-Instituto do Mar, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal b Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Aberta, Rua da Escola Politécnica, 141, 1269-001 Lisboa, Portugal c IPIMAR-INRB, Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos, Avenida de Brasília, 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal d UNESCO/UNITWIN/WiCop Chair-Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Polígono río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain |
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Abstract: | Juvenile Senegalese soles were exposed through 28-day laboratory and field (in situ) bioassays to sediments from three sites of the Sado estuary (W Portugal): a reference and two contaminated by metallic and organic contaminants. Fish were surveyed for ten hepatic histopathological alterations divided by four distinct reaction patterns and integrated through the estimation of individual histopathological condition indices. Fish exposed to contaminated sediments sustained more damage, with especial respect to regressive changes like necrosis. However, differences were observed between laboratory- and field-exposed animals, with the latest, for instance, exhibiting more pronounced fatty degeneration and hepatocellular eosinophilic alteration. Also, some lesions in fish exposed to the reference sediment indicate that in both assays unaccounted variables produced experimental background noise, such as hyaline degeneration in laboratory-exposed fish. Still, the field assays yielded results that were found to better reflect the overall levels of contaminants and physico-chemical characteristics of the tested sediments. |
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Keywords: | Solea senegalensis Histopathology Weighted indices Contaminated sediments Estuary Bioassays |
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