北京野鸭湖湿地资源变化特征

湿地是自然界的生态系统和景观类型,具有巨大的资源潜力和环境功能。长期以来,由于人类活动影响造成的湿地景观巨大变化,不仅仅改变了湿地景观原有的功能,而且对湿地环境产生重要影响。基于RS、GIS技术,通过对北京野鸭湖湿地的Landsat-TM影像和印度IRS影像进行融合处理,得到分辨率高的多光谱图像。结合实地调查,建立解译标志,运用ArcGIS9.0进行矢量化、空间分析和数据统计功能,并统计植被覆盖变化,分析研究1998~2004年野鸭湖湿地资源变化特征。在上述技术路线和研究方法的基础上,总结出该区域的湿地变化特征,最后应用累积效应的原理和方法,对深入研究的科学问题进行了展望,提出一些需要深入探讨的问题。

The Change of Yeyahu Wetland Resources in Beijing

Wetland, considered as a natural ecosystem and landscape style, has great resource potentiality and environmental function. For a long time, the change of wetland landscape pattern posed by human activity has not only changed the existing wetland function, but also exerted influence on wetland environment. This paper focuses on the fusion of Landsat-TM image with IRS image in Yeyahu wetland for getting color images with higher resolution. Combined with on-the-spot investigation, we set up interpretable symbols, carry out image vectorization, spatial analysis and data statistics using ArcGIS 9.0, and then analyze and research vegetation cover changes and changing characters of Yeyahu wetland resources during the period 1998-2004. The result shows that the decrease of water area leads to the reduction of vegetation and species, non-point pollution in agriculture, and water resource scarcity. On the basis of the above-mentioned technological trajectory and research approaches, we identify the changing characters of wetlands, utilize the principle and method of accumulating effect to propose restoration measures. For the protection of environment, it is necessary to return lands to nature, get back the swamps, and utilize and exploit wetland resources with rationality.