新世纪第一场沙尘暴初探

利用实时和历史常规气象观测资料与大气颗粒物污染监测资料,从沙尘暴天气实况、天气气候成因和对城市空气污染影响三方面,对世纪之交发生在我国北方的一次速度较快、强度较大的沙尘暴天气过程做了初步探讨。结果表明:①大型天气环流系统调整时的上下游效应,使乌拉尔山高压脊迅速发展东移,推动西伯利亚的一股较强冷空气南下,影响我国北方地区,加之高空急流动量的下传,是这次沙尘暴天气发生的环流背景和动能基础;②前期12月我国北方较正常年份温暖干燥,表层土质干燥疏松,沙尘源丰富,这是此次沙尘暴天气发生的物质基础;③沙尘天气的发生使我国北方城市空气污染雪上加霜,造成部分城市空气污染异常严重,大气颗粒物污染浓度增加100%~300%。

Preliminary Analysis of the First Sandstorm in the New Century, China

A strong and rapid sandstorm weather process occurred on the 31 December 2000 in North China. It has been initially discussed in respect of real weather, synoptic climatological cause and air pollution through making use of real time and historical routine weather and air polluting data. The initial results show that: (1) the downdrive of momentum of high-level jet stream was the energetic base of this sandstorm weather process; (2) plentiful sand source on dry and soft topsoil that caused by the drier weather before sandstorm process was the substance base; (3) the occurring of sandstorm weather exaggerated air pollution of cities in North China, and the concentration of air pollutant increased by 100%~300% in the process.