土壤紧实度对马铃薯根系、匍匐茎、产量和品质的影响

使用外力压迫砂柱的盆栽方法，研究了土壤紧实度分别为0.79 MPa（T1）、0.98 MPa（T2）和1.24 MPa（T3）的基质对马铃薯品种夏波蒂、陇薯8号和青薯9号的根系及匍匐茎形态、块茎产量及其品质的影响。结果表明：（1）随土壤紧实度增大，马铃薯根系与地上部干重下降，根冠比升高，根系表面积与总长度减少，而根系平均直径增大；（2）土壤紧实度增大导致匍匐茎的纵向伸长、直径增加，三个品种匍匐茎长度和直径与对照T₁相比差异达到显著水平（P<0.05）；（3）三个品种块茎产量在T2处理下较对照T1差异不显著（P<0.05），而在T3处理下的块茎产量较对照相比达到差异显著水平（P<0.05），随土壤紧实度增大三个品种的商品率均低于对照T1，且达到显著差异水平（P<0.05）；（4）块茎干物质与淀粉含量增加，粗蛋白与还原糖含量下降，维生素C含量无显著性变化。紧实土壤不利于马铃薯根系、匍匐茎以及块茎的生长发育，也影响了品质的整体提高。

Effect of Soil Compaction on Root,Stolon, Yield and Quality of Potato

Soil compaction lead to high soil bulk density negatively influences root and tuber of potato. In order to illustrate the effect and adaptation mechanisms of root tissue, stolon tissue, yield and quality of potato under different soil compaction, using potato varieties Shepody, Longshu No.8 and Qingshu No.9 as material, 0.79 MPa (T1), 0.98 MPa (T2) and 1.24 MPa (T3), on the root and stolon morphology, tuber yield and quality of potato seedlings were investigated using sand columns. The results showed that:(1) With increasing soil compaction, the root and shoot dry weight, root surface area and total root length decreased, while average root diameter and the ratio of root to shoot increased. (2) The increased soil compaction led to the increase of average stolon diameter and the decrease of stolon length. Comparing with control (T1), all the stolons length and diameter of three varieties reached significant difference at P<0.05 level. (3) Comparing with control (T1), no significant difference (P<0.05) was found in the tuber yield of three varieties under T2, whereas the significant difference (P<0.05) appeared under T3. The commodity rate of three varieties was significantly lower than control (T1) with the increasing soil compaction. (4) The dry matter and starch content were increased, the crude protein and reducing sugar content were decreased, and the vitamin C content had no significantly change with the increasing soil compaction. In this study, the response of Shepody, Longshu No.8 and Qingshu No.9 to soil compaction stress were indicated that high soil compaction was a negative impact on the growth and development of root, stolon and tuber, and also affect tuber quality.