Exploring typhoon variability over the mid-to-late Holocene: evidence of extreme coastal flooding from Kamikoshiki,Japan |
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| Authors: | Jonathan D Woodruff Jeffrey P Donnelly Akiko Okusu |
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| Institution: | 1. Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China;2. Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China;3. Xiamen Municipal Bureau of Land, Resources and Housing Administration, Xiamen 361013R, China;1. Geo-environmental Hazards & Quaternary Geology Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, 124 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Geography Education, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;3. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea;4. Research Center for Coastal Lagoon Environments, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue-shi, Shimane 690-8504, Japan;5. Department of Geography and the Environment, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, Denton, TX 76203, USA;1. Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Technology, MOE, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;2. Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China;3. Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environment Geology, China Geological Survey, Ministry of Land and Resources, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao 266071, China;4. Laboratory for Ocean & Coast Geology, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China |
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| Abstract: | Sediment cores from two coastal lakes located on the island of Kamikoshiki in southwestern Japan (Lake Namakoike and Lake Kaiike) provide evidence for the response of a backbarrier beach system to episodic coastal inundation over the last 6400 years. Sub-bottom seismic surveys exhibit acoustically laminated, parallel to subparallel seismic reflectors, intermittently truncated by erosional unconformities. Sediment cores collected from targeted depocenters in both lakes contain finely laminated organic mud interbedded with coarse-grained units, with depths of coarse deposits concurrent with prominent seismic reflectors. The timing of the youngest deposit at Kamikoshiki correlates to the most recently documented breach in the barrier during a typhoon in 1951 AD. Assuming that this modern deposit provides an analog for identifying past events, paleo-typhoons may be reconstructed from layers exhibiting an increase in grain-size, a break in fine-scale stratigraphy, and elevated Sr concentrations.Periods of barrier breaching are concurrent with an increase in El Niño frequency, indicating that the El Niño/Southern Oscillation has potentially played a key role in governing typhoon variability during the mid-to-late Holocene. An inverse correlation is observed between tropical cyclone reconstructions from the western North Atlantic and the Kamikoshiki site, which may indicate an oscillating pattern in tropical cyclone activity between the western Northern Atlantic and the western North Pacific, or at least between the western Northern Atlantic and regions encompassing southern Japan. The two kamikaze typhoons which contributed to the failed Mongol invasions of Japan in 1274 AD and 1281 AD occur during a period with more frequent marine-sourced deposition at the site, suggesting that the events took place during a period of greater regional typhoon activity. |
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