‘PALEOVAN’, International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP): site survey results and perspectives |
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| Authors: | Thomas Litt Sebastian Krastel Michael Sturm Rolf Kipfer Sefer Örcen Georg Heumann Sven Oliver Franz Umut B Ülgen Frank Niessen |
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| Institution: | 1. Steinmann Institute of Geology, Mineralogy and Palaeontology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany;2. Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences (IFM-GEOMAR), Wischhofstr. 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany;3. Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Ueberlandstr. 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland;4. Department of Geology, University of Yüzüncü Yil, Zeve Campus, 65080 Van, Turkey;5. Istanbul Technical University, Geology Department, Maslak 34469, Istanbul, Turkey;6. Alfred Wegner Institute for Polar and Marine Research, PO-Box 120161, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany;1. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Rt. 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA;2. Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;3. Interuniversity Institute of Marine Sciences, Eilat 88103, Israel;4. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, 61 Rt. 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA;5. ETH Zürich, Geologisches Institut, NO G 51.1, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland;6. Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhe Israel Street, Jerusalem 95501, Israel;1. Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain;2. University of Cambridge, Department of Earth Sciences, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK;3. Institute of Environmental Science and Technology and Department of Geography, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;4. Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) and Institute of Environmental Science and Technology and Department of Geography, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;1. NERC Isotope Geosciences Facilities, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK;2. School of Geography, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK;3. Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK;4. School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK;5. School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK;1. Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands;2. Center for Isotope Research, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Groningen University, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands;3. Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;1. Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-10961 Stockholm, Sweden;2. Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, No 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, P.O. Box 13-318, 106 Taipei, Taiwan;3. Centre for Climate, the Environment & Chronology (14CHRONO), School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queen''s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK;4. Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;5. Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology, 924 Sukhumvit Rd., Bangkok 10110, Thailand;6. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska – Lincoln, 214 Bessey Hall, Lincoln 68588-0340, USA;1. Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section 5.2 – Climate Dynamics and Landscape Evolution, Telegrafenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany;2. Department of Marine Geosciences, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel 31905, Israel;3. Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, Bergen 5007, Norway;4. The Fredy & Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;5. Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan;6. The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences of Eilat, Eilat 88103, Israel;7. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue des Maraichers 13, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland;8. Department of Geophysical, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;9. Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel 31905, Israel;10. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA;11. Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhe Israel St., Jerusalem 95501, Israel |
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| Abstract: | Lake Van is the fourth largest terminal lake in the world (volume 607 km3, area 3570 km2, maximum depth 460 m), extending for 130 km WSW–ENE on the Eastern Anatolian High Plateau, Turkey. The sedimentary record of Lake Van, partly laminated, has the potential to obtain a long and continuous continental sequence that covers several glacial–interglacial cycles (ca 500 kyr). Therefore, Lake Van is a key site within the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) for the investigation of the Quaternary climate evolution in the Near East (‘PALEOVAN’). As preparation for an ICDP drilling campaign, a site survey was carried out during the past years. We collected 50 seismic profiles with a total length of ～850 km to identify continuous undisturbed sedimentary sequences for potential ICDP locations. Based on the seismic results, we cored 10 different locations to water depths of up to 420 m. Multidisciplinary scientific work at positions of a proposed ICDP drill site included measurements of magnetic susceptibility, physical properties, stable isotopes, XRF scans, and pollen and spores. This core extends back to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), a more extended record than all the other Lake Van cores obtained to date. Both coring and seismic data do not show any indication that the deepest part of the lake (Tatvan Basin, Ahlat Ridge) was dry or almost dry during past times. These results show potential for obtaining a continuous undisturbed, long continental palaeoclimate record. In addition, this paper discusses the potential of ‘PALEOVAN’ to establish new results on the dynamics of lake level fluctuations, noble gas concentration in pore water of the lake sediment, history of volcanism and volcanic activities based on tephrostratigraphy, and paleoseismic and earthquake activities. |
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