Revised radiocarbon ages on woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) from western central Scotland: significance for timing the extinction of woolly rhinoceros in Britain and the onset of the LGM in central Scotland |
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| Authors: | Roger M. Jacobi James Rose Alison MacLeod Thomas F.G. Higham |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Prehistory and Europe, Franks House, The British Museum, London N1 5QJ, UK;2. Department of Palaeontology, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK;3. Department of Geography, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK;4. British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Notts, NG12 5GG, UK;5. Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, RLAHA, Dyson Perrins Building, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK;1. U.D.I. de Prehistoria, Arqueología e Historia Antigua, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Universidad de La Laguna, Campus de Guajara, 38071 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;2. Instituto Universitario de Biorgánica Antonio González, Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez n.° 2, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain;3. Institut de Recherche sur les Archéomatériaux, UMR 5060 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche en PhysiqueAppliquée à l''Archéologie (CRP2A), Maison de l''Archéologie, 33607 PESSAC Cedex, France;4. Estación Volcanológica de Canarias, IPNA-CSIC, Av. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez n.° 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain;1. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;2. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany;3. School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia;4. Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand;5. Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA;6. Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;7. Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;8. Reiss-Engelhorn-Museen, Department for World Cultures and Environment, 68159 Mannheim, Germany;9. Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeozoology, University of Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany;10. Department of Geosciences, Biogeology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany;11. Instituto Universitario de Xeoloxía, Universidade da Coruña, 15081 A Coruña, Spain;12. Geo-Center of Northern Bavaria, Research Group Palaeontology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;13. Operational Direction ‘Earth and History of Life’, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 1000 Brussels, Belgium;14. Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Drahomanov Str. 14/16, Lviv 79005, Ukraine;15. School of Archaeology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Dublin, Ireland;p. Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Dublin, Ireland;q. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra A. Desio, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy;r. Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;s. Institute of Population Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine of Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria;t. Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK;u. Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor, UK;1. School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, DH1 3LE, UK;2. Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK;1. Department of Geosciences, Universität Tübingen, Hölderlinstrasse 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany;2. Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment (HEP), Universität Tübingen, Hölderlinstrasse 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany;3. Operational Direction “Earth and History of Life”, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium;4. Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, University of West Bohemia, Sedlá?kova 15, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic;5. Anthropos Institute, Moravian Museum, Zelný trh 6, 659 37 Brno, Czech Republic;6. Équipe “Comportements des Néandertaliens et des Hommes anatomiquement modernes replacés dans leur contexte paléoécologique”, UMR 7194, Département de Préhistoire du MNHN, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, 1 rue René Panhard, 75 013 Paris, France;7. A3P-PACEA, UMR 5199 CNRS, Université Bordeaux, CS 50023 33615 Pessac Cedex, France;8. Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vini?ná 7, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic |
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| Abstract: | Woolly rhinoceros bones, from a number of sites in Britain, have been AMS radiocarbon dated following ultrafiltration pre-treatment. These determinations give a coherent set of ages between >50 and c. 35 cal ka BP. The youngest (35,864–34,765 cal BP) come from the area around Bishopbriggs in western central Scotland and are derived from glaciofluvial sand and gravel overlain by till, both deposited during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) glaciation. A previous radiocarbon date from the site suggested that woolly rhinoceros lived c. 27 14C ka BP and the region was ice-free at the time. This date has had significant influence on the timing of extinction of woolly rhinoceros and the onset of glaciation over Britain during the LGM. The new dates revise this earlier determination and confirm that woolly rhinoceros became extinct in Britain after c. 35 cal ka BP, that central Scotland was ice-free at this time, and glaciation extended across this region sometime after 35 cal ka BP. |
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