Nature and origin of bubble structures in borehole samples of glacial sands from Caldy, Wirral, United Kingdom

Borehole samples of glacial sands from Caldy, Wirral contained bubble structures which have not been found in in situ exposures of the corresponding materials. It is believed that the sands liquefied during driving of the sampler, destroying previous structures and developing a bubble structure by release of pore-air during liquefaction. The sands conform generally to the grading characteristics previously defined for sands prone to liquefaction. Their propensity to liquefy was confirmed by laboratory tests.