柴达木盆地四盐湖卤水锂资源形成的水文地球化学条件

柴达木盆地盐湖锂资源占我国卤水锂资源总量的80%,主要集中分布在别勒滩、一里平、东台吉乃尔和西台吉乃尔等四个盐湖.1980s之前对其形成的认识见解各异.针对研究现状,侧重区内卤水锂矿床成因的研究结果显示:所有地表卤水中Li+含量的高低受控于汇入河水的Li+含量,同时又与相关地下卤水的Li+含量全部呈正相关.这充分说明卤水锂矿床的形成与否受河源主控由来已久.按实测洪水河-那陵格勒河水径流量及其Li+含量推算,经蒸发浓集作用形成别勒滩等四盐湖已探明的锂资源量只需数千年.洪水河流域的热泉水与新生代火山活动及昆南深断裂有关,很可能是盐湖卤水锂矿床的主要物质来源.水系下游河道的变迁决定了锂资源量在四盐湖中的比例分配.

Hydrogeochemical conditions and lithium brine formation in the four salt lakes of Qaidam Basin

Using September 1989 of TM, September 2000 of ETM+ and September 2005 of CBERS remote sensing image of Lakeside Oasis in Lake Eric as the data sources, the landscape was classified and the formation of classification map was made by RS and GIS technology and human-computer interactive approach. Using principles of landscape ecology and the landscape statistical software Fragstats For Arcview analyse the driving forces to landscape patterns and land-use change of the study area. Results showed that the 17 years during 1989-2005, the distribution and characteristics of the appearance of lakeside oasis in Lake Eric significantly changed. The oasis area underwent reduce to expansion, and the area of the lake gradually reduced and even dried up. It is essential to intensify the spatial relationships among landscape elements and to maintain the continuity of landscape ecological process and pattern in the course of area expansion.