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Description of atmospheric conditions at the Pierre Auger Observatory using the Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) |
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| Affiliation: | a Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina b Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones,CITEDEF and CONICET, Argentina c Departamento de Física, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires y CONICET, Argentina d IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina e Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina f Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR) - CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina g Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires,Argentina h National Technological University, Faculty Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina i Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe j Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina k Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina l University of Adelaide, Adelaide, S.A., Australia m Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil n Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Carlos, SP, Brazil o Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, SP, Brazil p Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil q Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Brazil r Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitoria da Conquista, BA, Brazil s Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil t Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil u Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil v Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil w Rudjer Boškovi’c Institute, 10000 Zagreb x Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic y Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech z Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic aa Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay ab Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC), Université Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France ac Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France ad Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France ae Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier, INPG, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France af SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France ag Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany ah Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany ai Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany aj Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South - Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany ak Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany al RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany am Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany an Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany ao Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and INFN, Genova, Italy ap Università dell’Aquila and INFN, L’Aquila aq Università di Milano and Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy ar Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy as Università di Napoli ”Federico II” and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy at Università di Roma II ”Tor Vergata” and Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy au Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy av Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy aw Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Innovazione dell’Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy ax Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy ay Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy az INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L’Aquila), Italy ba Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico bb Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), México, D.F., Mexico bc Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico bd Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F., Mexico be IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen bf Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands bg Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands bh ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands bi Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow bj University of ?ód?, ?ód?, Poland bk LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal bl ’Horia Hulubei’ National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele bm University of Bucharest, Physics Department, Romania bn University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania bo J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia bp Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia bq Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain br Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid bs Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain bt Universidad de Granada & C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain bu Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain bv Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom bw School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, United Kingdom bx Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA by Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA bz Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA ca Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO cb Colorado State University, Pueblo, CO, USA cc Fermilab, Batavia, IL, USA cd Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA ce Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA cf Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA cg New York University, New York, NY, USA ch Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA ci Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA cj Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA ck Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA cl University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, IL, USA cm University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA cn University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM co University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA cp University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA cq Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology (INST), Hanoi, Vietnam |
| Abstract: | Atmospheric conditions at the site of a cosmic ray observatory must be known for reconstructing observed extensive air showers. The Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) is a global atmospheric model predicated on meteorological measurements and numerical weather predictions. GDAS provides altitude-dependent profiles of the main state variables of the atmosphere like temperature, pressure, and humidity. The original data and their application to the air shower reconstruction of the Pierre Auger Observatory are described. By comparisons with radiosonde and weather station measurements obtained on-site in Malargüe and averaged monthly models, the utility of the GDAS data is shown. |
| Keywords: | Cosmic rays Extensive air showers Atmospheric monitoring Atmospheric models |
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