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The design and performance of IceCube DeepCore |
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| Institution: | a III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany b Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA c Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA d CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA e School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA f Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA g Dept. of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA h Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA i Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany j Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany k Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany l Dept. of Physics, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown BB11000, Barbados m Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium n Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium o Dept. of Physics, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan p Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand q Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA r Dept. of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA s Dept. of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA t Dept. of Physics, TU Dortmund University, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany u Dept. of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G7 v Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium w Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69177 Heidelberg, Germany x Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA y Laboratory for High Energy Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland z Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA aa Dept. of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA ab Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA ac Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany ad Université de Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium ae Bartol Research Institute and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA af Dept. of Physics, University of Oxford, 1 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3NP, UK ag Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, WI 54022, USA ah Oskar Klein Centre and Dept. of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden ai Dept. of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA aj Dept. of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA ak Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden al Dept. of Physics, University of Wuppertal, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany am DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany |
| Abstract: | The IceCube neutrino observatory in operation at the South Pole, Antarctica, comprises three distinct components: a large buried array for ultrahigh energy neutrino detection, a surface air shower array, and a new buried component called DeepCore. DeepCore was designed to lower the IceCube neutrino energy threshold by over an order of magnitude, to energies as low as about 10 GeV. DeepCore is situated primarily 2100 m below the surface of the icecap at the South Pole, at the bottom center of the existing IceCube array, and began taking physics data in May 2010. Its location takes advantage of the exceptionally clear ice at those depths and allows it to use the surrounding IceCube detector as a highly efficient active veto against the principal background of downward-going muons produced in cosmic-ray air showers. DeepCore has a module density roughly five times higher than that of the standard IceCube array, and uses photomultiplier tubes with a new photocathode featuring a quantum efficiency about 35% higher than standard IceCube PMTs. Taken together, these features of DeepCore will increase IceCube’s sensitivity to neutrinos from WIMP dark matter annihilations, atmospheric neutrino oscillations, galactic supernova neutrinos, and point sources of neutrinos in the northern and southern skies. In this paper we describe the design and initial performance of DeepCore. |
| Keywords: | Neutrino Detector Antarctica DeepCore IceCube |
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