基于政府大数据的北京城市空间发展模式分析

城市的发展都有各自的特征。这些特征通常是受城市发展过程中政府决策及规划政策的影响而形成。作为我国首都,同时也是人口最稠密的城市,北京市的城市建设用地在过去20年快速城镇化进程中持续扩张。笔者认为,北京市城市扩张期间,城市建设用地开发模式有特定的规律和空间特征。本文中,笔者采用非负矩阵分解(NMF)的方法,对北京市建设用地规划许可发放数据进行挖掘,以此识别城市空间发展模式。笔者发现这个阶段包含了两种主要发展模式,同时也结合诸多辅助信息对这两种模式进行了深入的分析和解释。本文中使用的城市空间发展模式识别方法可以推广到其他区域的城市研究中,对城市设计及政府决策工作起到较大作用。

The Analysis of Urban Spatial Development Pattern in Beijing Based on the Big Data of Government

Each city has different spatial features of urban development. These features are often affected by local urban development strategies and planning policies at that time. As the capital and most populous city in China, the urban built-up area of Beijing has been enjoying a continuing expansion during its rapid urbanization in the last twenty years. There are some specific rules and spatial features in the urban land construction during Beijing's urban expansion. In this paper we present a non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) method and recognize these patterns by using the land construction permission dataset. We find out two main developing patterns in these years, and made a series of analysis and explanation on both patterns by combining some additional information. This pattern discovery method could be easily extended to other area of urban studies, and the results would be helpful for the urban designers and policy makers.