On the possibility of nuclear processes in atmospheres of flare stars

A resume of the main results obtained in the framework of fast electron hypothesis is presented. The fast electrons are possessed by strong constant properties, that is, nearly monoenergetic in spectrum and with the energy of 3. Fast electrons appear spontaneously in all kinds of cool dwarfs, young and old, and stimulate the generation of all types of flares, faint and powerful, in all ranges of electromagnetic waves — optical, ultraviolet, radio, X-ray. The general flare mechanisms are inverse Compton effect at the faint and moderate flares and nonthermal bremsstrahlung at powerfulness. This hypothesis explains an enormous number of observational facts and relationships — all these are illustrated by two tree-like diagrams in Figures 1 and 2.In the second part, the problem of the spontaneous appearance of fast electrons above the stellar atmosphere is discussed. The nature of the fast electrons in universal and is independent of the physical conditions of the star or its atmosphere. Their origin have nothing in common also with the well known acceleration processes, including the magnetic and hydrodynamic nature, in stellar atmospheres. At present nuclear decay processes seem to be most probable for the appearance of fast electrons in outer regions of stellar atmospheres. Some decay processes are examined with various probability of their realization. Creation of the radioactive nucleus¹³N as a result of capture of H by¹²C and its consequent decay with the escape of a positron seems most probable; as this fast positron will act just like a fast electron. It is outlined the high effectivity of this process in binary systems.