舟山朱家尖海域污损生物的分布特征及其与环境因子的关系

根据2007年3月至2008年2月在舟山朱家尖蜈蚣客运码头进行的污损生物挂板试验,对该海域污损生物的种类组成、附着季节、生物量分布及生态特点进行了初步研究。结果表明:该海域共鉴定出污损生物85种,其中,藻类13种,腔肠动物13种,苔藓虫4种,多毛类12种,软体动物8种,甲壳类22种和其它13种。优势种为中胚花筒螅Tubularia mesembryanthemum、泥藤壶Balanus uliginosus、白脊藤壶Balanus albicostatus、僧帽牡蛎Saccostrea cucullata、近江牡蛎Crassostrea rivularis、马尔他钩虾Melita sp.、圆鳃麦杆虫Caprella acutifrons、长鳃麦杆虫C.equilibra和盘管虫Hydroides sp.。朱家尖海域全年都有污损生物繁殖附着,其中6—10月为附着盛期,表层和中层月板生物量的高峰值均出现在7月,最低值分别出现在2月和1月,表层月板全年附着总生物量为2 006.1g/m2,月平均生物量为167.18g/m2;中层月板全年附着总生物量为2 388.15g/m2,月平均生物量为199.01g/m2;季度板污损生物生物量按高低依次为:夏季>秋季>春季>冬季;上半年板污损生物的生物量>下半年板。在垂直分布上,除季度板外,其它试板的生物量和附着密度均为中层>表层。根据污损生物的生态习性、分布特征及对盐度的适应,可将舟山朱家尖海域主要污损生物定义为河口低盐种。水温是影响调查海域污损生物分布的主要因素,水体盐度则对朱家尖海域污损生物的种类及指标种分布具有决定性作用。

Distribution characteristics of fouling organisms and their relationship with environmental factors in Zhujiajian waters, Zhoushan

Based on two groups of fouling organisms test boards hanged in waters at Wugong passenger dock at Zhujiajian,Zhoushan from March 2007 to February 2008,a preliminary study was carried out on the fouling organisms,in which 85 species of fouling organisms were identified,in which 13 were algae,13 coelenterate,4 bryozoans,12 polychaetes,8 molluscs,22 species crustaceans,and 13 others.The dominant species include Tubularia mesembryanthemum,Balanus uliginosus,B.albicostatus,Saccostrea cucullata,Crassostrea rivulayes,Melita sp.,Caprella acutifrons,C.equilibra and Hydroides sp..The annual biomass in the surface layer ranged from 0.90~827.55 g/m2 with the maximum of 827.55 g/m2 in July and the minimum only 0.90 g/m2 in February,and the annual total was 2 006.1 g/m2 and the monthly average 167.18 g/m2,in which seaweed(46.67%),crustaceans(26.04%) and coelenterate(24.88%) accounted for an absolute advantage(97.69%) of the total,while others only accounted for 2.31%.The annual biomass in the middle layer ranged from 0.90~1 075.95 g/m2 with the highest of up 1 075.95 g/m2 in July,the lowest only 0.90 g/m2 in January,and the year total of 2 388.15 g/m2 and monthly average of 199.01 g/m2,in which crustaceans(59.64%),seaweed(12.75%),coelenterate(13.00%) accounted for an absolute advantage(84.96%) while the others only accounted for 15.04%.The quarterly average biomass of the fouling organisms in the surface layer was 379.91 g/m2,with the highest value of up to 1 125.74 g/m2 in summer,followed by 286.81 g/m2 in fall,68.37 g/m2 in spring,and only 38.70 g/m2 in winter,while that in the middle layer was 436.56 g/m2,with the highest value of up to 1 382.88 g/m2 in summer,followed by 200.38 g/m2 in fall,132.01 g/m2 in spring and only 30.96 g/m2 in winter.The biomass of the fouling organisms of the first half year board(March to August) in surface layer was 2 101.26 g/m2,in which crustaceans accounted for 77.93%,bryozoans for 9.25%,molluscs for 6.50%,coelenterate for 3.40% and polychaetes for 2.92%,while that in the middle layer was 2 586.36 g/m2,with crustaceans,bryozoans and molluscs in the lead which accounted for 99.53% of the total and for 41.95%,30.40% and 27.18% respectively,while the others only for 0.47%.The biomass of the fouling organisms of the second half year board(September to February) was 71.01 g/m2,with seaweed in the lead which accounted for 60.33%,followed by bryozoans for 36.67%,and crustaceans for 3.00%,while that in the middle layer was 508.20 g/m2,with molluscs and bryozoans in the lead which accounted for 99.51% of the total and 67.11% and 32.40% respectively,while the others only for 0.49%.The biomass of the fouling organisms of the year board in the surface layer was 1 292.76 g/m2,with crustaceans in the lead which accounted for 75.60%;followed by coelenterate for 13.91%,molluscs for 8.19%,bryozoans for 1.88%,polychaetes for 0.42%,while that in the middle layer was 2 817.36 g/m2,with crustaceans in the lead which accounted for 57.35%;followed by coelenterate for 21.23%,molluscs for 11.63%,bryozoans for 9.39%,and polychaetes for 0.40%.Analytical results show that reproduction and adherence of the fouling organisms occur all the year round,with flourishing phase in the high-temperature season,especially in July,when there is a great variety of species and the adhesive force is strong.In low temperature season from January to May,the species are less and the adhesive force is weak.The biomass in the first five months is generally not large,and it begins to increase in June and reaches the peak in July.In general,the biomass is big in high temperature months and small in low temperature months.May to November is the main season for anti-fouling.The order of the quantity of the attaching fouling organisms is summer>autumn>spring>winter.The results show that the main fouling organisms in Zhujiajian,Zhoushan are estuarine low salinity species.