珠江三角洲集装箱港口体系演化及动力机制

港口体系的发展对区域发展乃至国土开发有着重要的意义,一直是港口地理的研究核心,而区域性集装箱港口体系的演化规律及动力机制是港口体系理论的内涵提升。选取珠江三角洲的31个港口为样本,以1970-2013年为研究时段,采用集装箱港口数量、吞吐量等长时间序列数据,刻画了珠江三角洲集装箱运输的总体发展与集散趋势,分析了集装箱港口体系的演化过程,重点凝练演绎其演化模型,并揭示其动力机制。研究发现：珠江三角洲集装箱港口体系的演化过程呈现集中化和分散化两种发展趋势,并经历了特点各异与格局明显不同的5个发展阶段,形成了“原始单核结构→孤立双核结构→极核枢纽结构→双核枢纽结构→多核发展结构”的演化模型;珠江三角洲集装箱港口体系是在众多影响因素综合作用下实现“港口集装箱化”的演化过程,包括自然条件、经济产业、技术条件、港航市场、政策和制度等,各因素在不同时期的影响程度有所差异。该研究有助于完善港口体系的演化模型理论,并能为珠江三角洲的港口建设提供指导。

Evolution and dynamic mechanism of container port system in the Pearl River Delta

It has been acknowledged that the port system is of great significance to the regional development and even to land development. The port system has been the focus of port geography research. In fact, the evolution and dynamic mechanisms of regional container port system are promoting traditional research on port system. The authors selected 31 container ports in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) to analyze the evolution of the container port system by describing their overall development and centralized or decentralized processes during the period 1970-2013, especially focusing on the deduction of the theoretically evolving model and revealing evolving mechanisms. The result showed that the evolution of container port system in the PRD region presented both concentration and deconcentration patterns. We concluded a theoretical model of container port system which is divided into five stages according to different features and spatial patterns, including origin single-core structure, isolated dual-core structure, polarized-core hub structure, dual-core hub port structure, and multi-core co-development structure. The result also showed that port system in the PRD completed its containerization and evolution under the integrated influence of five factors, including physical conditions, industrial structure and international trade, technological progress, shipping and terminal market, and policy and institution. However, each factor has different influences on the development of container port system in different periods. This study not only enriches the theory on port system, but also provides guidance for container port construction in the PRD.