道路建设对秦岭山区社会—生态系统的影响——一个社区恢复力的视角

社会—生态系统具有不可预期、自组织和多稳态体制等特征。道路建设是区域发展重要的干扰驱动因素,对局域社会—生态系统产生多要素和跨尺度的影响。基于社会—生态系统恢复力的相关概念和分析框架,以道路建设为切入点,借鉴社会经济连通度概念,以商洛市为例,从区域（local）和社区（community）两个尺度,分析道路建设对欠发达山区社会—生态系统的综合影响。将社会—生态系统分解为经济增长、生态景观格局和乡村发展3个维度,选取商洛市统计年鉴、商州区遥感影像和典型农户调查3类数据,结合数理模型、遥感与GIS技术和问卷统计分析,对道路建设与经济发展,道路网络与景观破碎度变化以及高速公路（国道）建设对乡村社区恢复力的影响进行了研究。主要结论包括：① 道路扩张成为减贫的原因,却并非经济增长的动因,而经济增长却是道路网络扩展的原因;② 道路建设增加了当地生态景观的破碎度,却提高了社会连通度,并且景观破碎度与社会连通度之间呈正相关;③ 在乡村社区尺度上,道路建设与社区恢复力之间呈现复杂关系,乡村社区恢复力可以从集体记忆、生计多样性和适应能力3个准则层选取相应的替代指标,通过对农户调查来分析和解释,运用逐步回归分析,识别了乡村社区恢复力的影响因素。最后,对基础设施建设影响下的欠发达山区乡村恢复力的研究方向进行了探讨。

Exploring the impacts of road construction on a local social-ecological system in Qinling mountainous area:A resilience perspective

Social-ecological systems (SESs) are characterized by unpredictability, self-organization and regime shift. Road construction usually exhibits strong influences on the local SESs across multiple scales. By placing the research under the framework of the SESs and resilience theory, we conducted a comprehensive study on the influences of road paving in Shangluo, Shaanxi Province, from two scales—both the local and community scales. Specifically, the local social-ecological system in Shangluo was divided into three dimensions including economic growth, ecological landscape pattern and rural development. In order to understand the impacts of road construction on the economic development, landscape fragmentation, and resilience of rural area, we integrated and analyzed the statistical data, satellite images and questionnaires. The results indicate that, (1) Although road paving is an important factor in the process of poverty-relief, it is not a driving force in economic development. Economic development, in fact, has advanced the development of road paving. (2) Road paving has not only fragmented the local landscape, but also increased the social connectivity. Landscape fragmentation and social connectivity are positively correlated. (3) At the rural community level, the relationship between road paving and social resilience are complex, where the measurement of rural community resilience can be built from collective memory, livelihood diversity, and adaptive capacity. The impact factors of the resilience of rural community have been identified. Finally, based on the results, we highlighted the future work, in particular, the community resilience in the less-developed rural areas.