Discrete element modeling of the single-particle crushing test for ballast stones

In this paper, a discrete element modeling approach for the single-particle crushing test for irregularly shaped ballast stones is presented. Bonded spherical particles are used to represent test specimens. Parametric studies focusing on particle size, axial strain rate, particle aggregate size and number of bonds are performed. The selection criteria of these parameters are discussed from the perspective of railway engineering. The results indicate that the proposed modeling approach is reliable for simulating railway ballast stones and can thus be further used for simulations of ballast aggregations.