Bioconcentration of triclosan and methyl-triclosan in marine mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) under laboratory conditions and in metropolitan waters of Gulf St Vincent,South Australia |
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| Authors: | Rai S Kookana Ali Shareef Milena B Fernandes Sonja Hoare Sam Gaylard Anu Kumar |
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| Institution: | 1. CSIRO Land and Water, Adelaide Laboratory, PMB 2, Glen Osmond SA 5064, Australia;2. Australian Water Quality Centre, South Australian Water Corporation, GPO Box 1751, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia;3. South Australian Research and Development Institute, Aquatic Sciences Centre, PO Box 120, Henley Beach SA 5022, Australia;4. Environment Protection Authority, GPO Box 2607, Adelaide SA 5001, Australia |
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| Abstract: | The anti-microbial agent triclosan (TCS), and its derivative methyl-triclosan (Me-TCS), are discharged with treated effluents from wastewater treatment plants to receiving environments. We investigated the bioconcentration of TCS and Me-TCS in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) exposed to TCS (100 ng L−1) for 30 days in seawater aquaria (19 ± 2 °C) with fresh phytoplankton as a food source. Bioconcentration increased with time reaching a steady-state around 24–30 days. The bioconcentration factor (log BCF) for TCS were 2.81 L kg−1 (dry weight) and 4.13 L kg−1, when lipid normalised concentrations were used. Mussels were also deployed in cages at four marine locations receiving effluents from WWTPs. The mean (±SD) TCS and Me-TCS concentrations for mussels from these sites were 9.87 (±1.34) and 6.99 (±2.44) μg kg−1. The study showed that mussels can be a useful tool for monitoring pollution of TCS and Me-TCS in marine and estuarine environments. |
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| Keywords: | Bioaccumulation Bioconcentration Biomonitoring Mussels Anti-microbial agents Personal care products |
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