Influence of fluid systems of the consolidated crust on degassing of the earth and oil formation

Fluid systems in the consolidated continental crust associated with large permeable zones have been distinguished on the basis of geophysical data. These zones serve as migration pathways for fluids uplifting from the mantle. The conditions of interaction of such fluids with large horizontal and subvertical fluid systems during degassing are considered. Horizontal systems, fixed at geophysical profiles as waveguides, contain significant amounts of high-temperature fluids, which interact there with enclosing rocks and fluids uplifting during degassing with the formation of oil- and ore-bearing solutions. The experiments on the interaction of water and solutions with rocks under increased temperatures carried out in the second half of 1960s gave an idea about the character of similar reactions. It has been revealed that significant amounts of organic matters pass into solutions, and bitumen is generated at 150–250°C. Similar reactions promote formation of new oil fields.